PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS

Effectiveness of the ‘One Week One Egg’ Program in Preventing Stunting in Palangka Raya City

Dileli Dharma Astoeti — 2025-11-25

Stunting remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia because its impact not only hinders linear growth but also reduces cognitive development, educational attainment, and long-term productivity. These risks prompted the government to accelerate its eradication through RAN-PASTI 2021–2024. In response, the city of Palangka Raya established a Stunting Reduction Acceleration Team (TPPS) and introduced several innovations, including the One Week One Egg (OWOE) programme, which engages civil servants, students, and contract workers in donating eggs to stunted toddlers and at-risk families. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of OWOE in supporting stunting reduction efforts at the city level. The method used is a literature review based on secondary data from government reports, TPPS documents, the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI), and scientific publications on animal-based foods and child nutrition. The evaluation was conducted by analysing participation levels, the number of eggs collected, beneficiary coverage, and its correlation with changes in stunting prevalence. The results show that OWOE successfully collected around 3,250 eggs per week (108 trays) and served 54 toddlers, although this coverage remains far below the total of 7,622 at-risk families. Stunting prevalence in Palangka Raya also decreased significantly from 28% in 2023 to 19.1% in 2024, lower than provincial and national rates, indicating OWOE’s contribution to strengthening convergence efforts. With its simple, low-cost, and community-based approach, OWOE has the potential to be further developed and replicated in other regions to support the achievement of national stunting reduction targets.

Formulation and Sensory Evaluation of Crystal Candy Containing Collagen Extract from Milkfish (Chanos chanos) Scale Waste

Ach Zakyah Al Fauzi — 2025-12-20

Stunting remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 21.6% in 2023, primarily caused by chronic nutrient deficiencies. While collagen does not directly address all nutritional causes of stunting, its protein content may contribute to improving dietary quality. This study aimed to develop a functional crystal candy formulation incorporating collagen extracted from milkfish (Chanos chanos) scale waste as a potential source of protein supplementation. Collagen was extracted through maceration using 0.05 M NaOH for 8 hours, followed by hydrolysis in 0.3 M acetic acid for 72 hours, heating in a water bath, and drying at 50°C. The extraction yield was 18%, with the presence of amino compounds confirmed through the ninhydrin assay. The extracted collagen was incorporated into crystal candy formulations at concentrations of 0% (F1), 5% (F2), and 10% (F3). Physical quality was evaluated through organoleptic, pH, and hedonic sensory tests involving 80 panelists. The F2 formulation demonstrated the highest sensory acceptability, with an average pH of 6.32. This study provides preliminary data on the feasibility of utilizing fish scale waste as a functional ingredient in confectionery products; however, further analyses of nutritional content, collagen bioactivity, and storage stability are required to substantiate its potential health benefits.

Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Bacteria Using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Based on Image Classification

Haris Maulana — 2026-01-12

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) is the primary bacterium responsible for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, which is transmitted through sexual contact. Traditional identification methods, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), are still widely used but have limitations in terms of cost, time, and the need for multiple reagents. This study aims to develop a faster and more efficient identification method using Artificial Intelligence (AI) through a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach based on the Inception V3 architecture. The dataset used consists of 84 JPEG images, comprising 42 images of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 42 non-Neisseria images. The model was trained using 50 epochs with an early stopping mechanism, which optimally halted at epoch 25, achieving a training accuracy of 94.74% and a validation accuracy of 100%. The resulting model achieved 96% classification accuracy, correctly identifying all 8 positive and 4 negative test images. These findings indicate that CNN based on Inception V3 is effective in classifying Neisseria gonorrhoeae images and has strong potential as a fast, accurate, and efficient diagnostic alternative.

Antibiotic Prescription Patterns in Children with Pneumonia at the Waled Regional General Hospital in Cirebon Regency, West Java, 2023

Sherin Nadia Istiharah — 2026-01-13

Irrational antibiotic use and inappropriate prescribing in pneumonia remain major public health concerns, as they contribute significantly to the development of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. This study aimed to describe the pattern of antibiotic prescribing for pneumonia patients under five years old treated at Waled Hospital, Cirebon Regency, in 2023. A descriptive study design was employed using medical record data, with total sampling applied to all eligible cases. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and presented as frequencies and percentages. A total of 193 pediatric pneumonia cases were included, consisting of both inpatients and outpatients. Lobular pneumonia was the most common diagnosis in both groups. The majority of patients were one year of age. Third-generation cephalosporins were the most frequently prescribed antibiotic class for inpatients (62.3%) and outpatients (89.1%). Parenteral antibiotic formulations were predominantly administered to inpatients, whereas oral antibiotics were used for all outpatients. The duration of antibiotic therapy was appropriate in all cases. Adverse drug reactions were observed in a small proportion of inpatients and were not reported among outpatients. The predominant use of third-generation cephalosporins, particularly in outpatient settings, suggests a potential overreliance on broad-spectrum antibiotics and may reflect deviation from standard first-line treatment recommendations for pediatric pneumonia. These findings highlight the need for regular evaluation of prescribing practices and the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs to promote rational antibiotic use and reduce the risk of resistance.

The Effectiveness of Using Health Education Video on Increasing Knowledge of Household Contacts of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Evani Nataladi — 2026-01-13

Despite extensive health education efforts, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) incidence remains high, particularly among household contacts. Audiovisual media (video) is emerging as a potential alternative to optimize educational outcomes where traditional methods have underperformed. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of video-based health education in increasing knowledge and preventive behaviors among household contacts of pulmonary TB patients. A systematic search was conducted (February-March 2025) across five databases: ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Sage Journals, and Google Scholar. Using PRISMA guidelines and JBI critical appraisal tools, six high-quality articles were synthesized from an initial 19,481 records (filtered for Open Access, 2016-2025, and relevant study designs). Synthesis of the included studies demonstrates that health education significantly enhances knowledge, attitudes, and participation in early TB detection. Specifically, audiovisual tools were found to improve information retention and understanding of TB prevention more effectively than standard verbal counseling, although its success is often contingent. Audiovisual-based health education is a superior intervention for increasing the knowledge and preventive attitudes of TB household contacts. The integration of video media significantly enhances information uptake compared to traditional methods, suggesting that TB control programs should prioritize digital audiovisual tools to optimize early case detection and community-based prevention.