TIME AND COST ACCELERATION ANALYSIS USING CRASHING METHOD (CASE STUDY: TANJUNG UNCANG JETTY CONSTRUCTION PROJECT BATAM CITY)

Contractors involved in construction projects face the crucial challenge of effectively managing time to ensure the timely completion of the project as stipulated in the contract, if not earlier. Efficient time management not only facilitates adherence to contractual obligations but also transforms incurred costs into profitable outcomes, thereby preventing financial penalties associated with project delays. Consequently, the strategic implementation of acceleration efforts emerges as a pivotal solution to address and mitigate the complexities inherent in construction project timelines. The acceleration process is intricately tied to the identification and prioritization of critical activities within the project schedule. By employing a comprehensive approach that integrates both cost and time analyses, the Crashing method with additional modifications emerges as a valuable tool in this endeavor. The Crashing method involves a strategic acceleration of critical activities, coupled with a meticulous calculation of the additional costs incurred due to the acceleration process. A compelling case study that exemplifies the efficacy of the Crashing method and its supplementary measure of alternative overtime work is evident in the Tanjung Uncang Pier construction project in Batam City. Through the meticulous application of the Crashing method and the incorporation of alternative overtime work, the project's completion timeline was successfully curtailed from the originally delayed schedule of 257 calendar days to a more expedited 244 calendar days.


INTRODUCTION
Time, quality and cost are three important components in planning a construction project.The benchmark for a successful construction project is the completion time according to the time period provided, the minimum cost and without overriding the quality in development.
The contractor must be able to manage a construction project systematically so that the project completion time is in accordance with the contract or even faster so that the costs incurred can be a benefit or profit and can also avoid fines due to delays in completing construction projects therefore acceleration is important to do to overcome delays (Inkiriwang, 2019).
Acceleration is carried out on critical activities and what must be done in analyzing the cost and time of the project is to create a project work network (network), find critical activities and calculate the duration of the project.The method used is the crashing method with alternative overtime work (Simatupang et al., 2015).
Making shifts is almost the same as increasing working hours.But here there is an increase in the number of workers, because the morning to afternoon shift worker unit is different from the afternoon to evening shift worker unit.Assuming that productivity remains the same, then: a. Work shifts are rotated regularly.b.An effort is made to make a worker equal to his shift team so that his productivity is high.

c. Addition of labor
The addition of labor is intended as an increase in the number of workers in a unit of workers to carry out an activity without increasing working hours.The optimum addition of labor will increase work productivity, but too much addition will actually reduce work productivity because there is too little land to work or other things, for this reason it is necessary to pay attention to the following things: a.The capacity of the place to accommodate the number of workers.b.Ease / freedom in carrying out work.c.Supervision of labor.d.Work safety.

d. Addition/replacement of equipment
The addition/replacement of equipment is intended to increase work productivity, get more work accuracy and reduce the amount of human labor.The addition of tools needs to consider the following factors: a. Addition of operators and equipment mechanics.b.Place capacity.c.Cost and time required for equipment mobilization and demobilization.Replacement of equipment with productivity greater than the money spent can also be achieved to achieve a crash program.

e. Change or improvement of work methods
Changing or improving work methods is done when the existing methods are too slow and inefficient.For example, manually mixing a concrete mixture will take longer than using a concrete molen.However, changing the work method sometimes also changes the logical relationship of the activity network or even the type of activity itself.

f. Concentration on certain activities
Accelerating project completion can be done by concentrating specifically on activities on the critical path (Pratasik et al., 2013).This concentration is defined as the addition / transfer of labor and / or equipment in that activity.Things that need to be considered are: a. Transferring labor to new activities will reduce work productivity at first because there is a learning phase.
b.The delay of non-critical activities does not exceed the float it has.c.The addition of labor and or equipment to critical activities must pay attention to the optimum amount.

g. Combination of existing alternatives.
In its implementation, this duration acceleration can be done by combining existing alternatives so as to produce a method that suits the project.Especially on large projects that have many activities.

Additional Labor Cost (Crash Cost)
With the addition of working time, the cost for labor will increase from the normal cost of labor.Based on the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia Number KEP.102 / MEN / VI / 2004 that wages for additional work vary, for the first additional hour of working time, workers get an additional wage of 1.5 times the normal hourly wage, and for the addition of the next working time workers get 2 times the normal hourly wage.The calculation of additional worker costs can be formulated as follows: 1.
Normal worker cost per day = daily productivity x unit price of worker wages 2.
Normal worker cost per hour = productivity per hour x unit price of worker wages 3.
Worker overtime cost = (1.5 x normal hourly wage for the first overtime work hour) + (2 x n x normal hourly wage for the next overtime work hour) 4.
Crash cost per day = (7 hours x normal worker cost) + (n x overtime cost per hour) 5.
Cost Slope (the addition of direct costs to accelerate an activity per unit time) C  = ℎ  −     − ℎ

RESEARCH METHODS
Methodology is the process, principles, and procedures we use to approach problems and seek answers.In other words, methodology is a general approach to studying a research topic.Methodology is influenced or based on the theoretical perspective we use to conduct research, while the theoretical perspective itself is an explanatory or interpretative framework that allows researchers to understand data and connect complex data with other events and situations.
The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, research that describes the condition of a particular project by analyzing existing data.Data analysis uses analytical and descriptive methods.Analytical means that existing data is processed in such a way as to produce final results that can be concluded.While descriptive means that by describing the problems that already exist or appear.the research was conducted on the Tanjung Uncang Pier Construction project in Batam City.Measurement of time cost and project cost performance is carried out by the Earned Value method.The advantage of this method is that it can describe the relationship between the work that has been completed with the budget that has been allocated for the work.From the results of the https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425 analysis can be known activity performance which can later be known to calculate the cost of completing the rest of the work.

Project Data
The Source: Project Data

Acceleration of Project Implementation
After analyzing the implementation of the Tanjung Uncang Pier construction work in Batam City using the Earn Value Analysis method, it was found that the project was delayed in its implementation, so an acceleration option was carried out to see how fast the implementation time and how much the costs incurred after the acceleration was carried out in the work time (Priyo & Sumanto, 2016).The work items that will be accelerated are those that are on the critical trajectory, to see what work is included in the critical trajectory, the Microsoft Project application is used.

Analysis Using Crash Program
Crash program is one way to accelerate the project completion time, namely by reducing the completion time of activities that are on the critical trajectory that will affect the project completion time.The work that is on the critical trajectory is the Piling Work and Concrete G35 work, but because the review is carried out in week 22 where the Piling Work has been completed, the acceleration will be carried out on the Concrete G35 work.Acceleration of the completion of the Tanjung Uncang Pier Construction Project in Batam City is done by using overtime hours.The work plan that will be carried out in https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425 accelerating the completion time of an activity with the overtime hour method is as follows: a.
Normal activities use 8 hours of work and 1 hour of rest (08.00-17.00WIB), while overtime work is carried out after normal working time for 4 hours per day (18.00-22.00WIB).Overtime labor is the same as regular labor.b.
The wage rate of workers for overtime work is calculated at 2 times the hourly wage at normal working time.c.
Productivity for overtime work is calculated at 60% of normal productivity.The decrease in productivity is due to fatigue, limited visibility at night and colder weather conditions.

Calculating the Acceleration of Work Completion Time
The calculation of the acceleration of project completion time is carried out on the work on the critical trajectory, namely the Concrete G35 work.a.

Calculating the Crash Cost of Work
As a result of accelerating the time for completion of activities, there is an increase in costs in terms of payment of workers' wages or known as the crash cost of workers.Broadly speaking, the calculation is carried out as follows: a.
Cut Head Piling Work: Calculating the normal daily labor rate = Calculating the crash cost wage of workers per day = (8 x Rp. 50,927) + Rp. 407,416 = Rp.814,832 Calculating the total crash cost = crash cost of workers per day x crash duration = Rp.814,832 x 96.9 days = IDR 78,957,220 After calculating the crash cost, then calculate the cost slope of each job.

Table 1 . schedule of the implementation plan for the construction of the Tanjung Uncang pier in batam city.
research location is the Tanjung Uncang Pier Construction Project in Batam City in 2023.The implementation of the Tanjung Uncang Pier Construction Project at Batam City is 245 calendar days.The review was conducted on week 22 with the following schedule of work implementation plan: https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425