ANALYSIS OF PIPE NETWORK OPTIMIZATION FOR RAW WATER IN JABUNG SUB-DISTRICT, MALANG DISTRICT

Jabung District is a sub-district located in the Malang Regency area of 135.89 km2 or around 4.56 percent of the total area of Malang Regency. This sub-district consists of 15 villages, including Argosari, Gadingkembar, Gunungjati, Jabung, Kemantren, Kemiri, Kenongo, Ngadirejo, Pandansari Lor, Sidomulyo, Sidorejo, Slamparejo, Sukolilo, Sukopuro, and Taji. With a population of 74,311 people in 2020, with a population density of 592 people/km2. In Jabung District, especially in 4 villages, including Pandansari Lor Village, Gading Kembar Village, Argosari Village, and Kemiri Village, there is currently a water shortage. Siuk Source Potential has water potential large enough to meet the standard needs in these 4 villages by gravity. From the results of instantaneous discharge measurements during the dry season in 2021, it can be seen that the discharge in Sumber Siuk is 65 l/sec, and the planned collection to fulfill these 4 villages is 20 l/sec. Construction of the broncaptering and raw water distribution network was built in 3 stages. Before the physical implementation of the installation of distribution pipes in stage 3, a trial run was carried out from stage 1 and stage 2.


INTRODUCTION
Water is an extraordinary substance that is blessed by Allah SWT.Water can flow, change, pass through various obstacles to the flow through it.The existence of water in nature is very dependent on the surrounding natural environment and its channels, which continuously flow following the hydrological cycle or water cycle, namely moving from the ocean to the earth and back to the ocean, and so on.
Raw water sources used for drinking water needs can consist of springs, surface water (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc.), groundwater (dug wells, boreholes) and rainwater.In terms of water quality, the quality of spring water compared to surface water is generally relatively clear, so it is better to use spring water compared to surface water.However, the existence of springs is currently decreasing.Due to subsidence problems, groundwater, which usually has a higher iron and manganese content relative to other water sources, must be reduced or stopped.Rainwater, whose availability depends on the season, can still be used as a source of raw water by building large tanks or ponds.
Kecamatan Jabung is a kecamatan in Malang Regency with an area of 135.89 km2 or about 4.56 percent of the area of Malang Regency.The sub-district consists of 15 villages, including Argosari, Gadingkembar, Gunungjati, Jabung, Kemantren, Kemiri, Kenongo, Ngadirejo, Pandansari Lor, Sidomulyo, Sidorejo, Slamparejo, Sukolilo, Sukopuro and Taji.The population at the end of 2022 was 76,970 people and the population density was 566.41 people per square kilometer.made easier by them (Sugiyono 2018).Furthermore, instruments defined as tools are means that can be realized in tools and materials.
In this study, the data collection methods used were observation, observation, and documentation.The type of data used in this study is primary data in the form of observation.Observations were made on: a.
Location of coban siuk raw water source intake plan Location of existing distribution pipe network.

Analysis of Existing Distribution Pipe Network
Identify and analyze based on the data obtained on the existing distribution pipe network from the water source to the service area (Natara 2018).

c. Population Growth Projection Analysis
Analyze the projected development of the population for the next few years based on the records of BPS Malang Regency Jabung District in numbers.

d. Evaluation of Pipe Hydraulics
In evaluating pipe hydraulics, the Clean Water Distribution Network System Components are modeled in the WaterCAD program, the components of the clean water distribution network system such as reservoir points, pipes, junctions, reservoirs are https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425 203 modeled in such a way as to approach the performance of these components in the field(PUPR 2017).e.
Distribution Pipe Network Analysis Analysis of the Clean Water Distribution Network System.after the network is drawn and all components are arranged as desired, then to analyze the network system, running (calculate) is carried out (Novianti, Salim, and Setyaningtias 2022).

Projected Total Population Growth
As time goes by, the total population will also grow as well as what happens in the Jabung sub-district of Malang Regency, especially in several villages in the study to be carried out including Pandansari Lor Village, Gading Twin Village, Argosari Village and Kemiri Gede Village.
This method is often referred to as the population growth rates method.Projections based on population growth rates assume constant growth, either for arithmetic, geometric, or exponential models to estimate population numbers.

Table 1. Total Population
Source: Jabung Sub-district in 2019-2023 r = (4.594/4.588)x (1 / 5) -1 r = 0.000 Pn = 4.594 x (1 + 0.000)^2 Pn = 4.595 The projected population growth until 2041 can be seen in the following table:    The distribution pipeline network from Coban Siuk to the service area is currently installed using a combination of materials (Risdiyanto and Harliansyah 2022).Currently, the main network that has been installed from the Reservoir to the Kemiri Tandon has not been able to flow water optimally, this is because there are many leaks and broken pipes when water is flowed as needed.The distribution pipe network is divided into 3 stages as in the following table:

Evaluation of Distribution Pipe Network
This chapter will analyze and evaluate the existing conditions of the current distribution pipe network (Rembulan et al. 2020).To get good analysis and evaluation results in conducting the analysis, WaterCAD v.8i software is used(Nuryani and Santosa 2020).While the data used are technical data on distribution pipe networks and primary data from measurements taken in 2022(Rada and Triatmadja 2021).

Existing Distribution Pipe Network
The current distribution pipeline network from the Reservoir to the Tandon in Kemiri Village is 25,209.70m long with a planned discharge of 9 l/dt, while the tapping line with a planned discharge of 2 l/dt to the service areas of Pandansari Lor Village, Gading Kembar Village, and Argosari Village has not been installed.The service to the Kemiri reservoir is not optimal because the upstream part of the network often has leaking and pipe bursting problems.Table 4.9 is the result of analyzing the existing hydraulic conditions of the distribution network from the Reservoir to Kemiri Tandon.Pipe specifications installed in the distribution pipeline network include: 1) S-8 class pipe, which is a 6 "PVC pipe that can withstand water pressure from inside up to 16 bar.2) S-10 class pipe, which is a PVC pipe that can withstand water pressure from the inside up to 12.5 bar.3) Galvanized Iron Schedule 40 pipe is a pipe that has a standardized thickness set by ANSI (American Nation Standart Institute).SCH is a parameter for measuring wall thickness with ID.While the code 40 refers to the strength of the pipe resistance that can reach 40 bar.4) HDPE PN 16 pipe which is able to withstand water pressure from inside up to 16 bar.

Pipeline Hydraulics
Based on the existing conditions installed, it can be seen the ability to withstand pressure, flow velocity in the pipe, and hydraulic grade in each section of the pipe the complete analysis results are presented on the attachment page, the following is a recapitulation of the analysis results with the help of Watercad v8.i software: 1) In Section Reservoir -Press Release Tub 2 (Tandon Taji) using galvanized iron pipe matrial, the maximum pressure that occurs is 5.22 bar and the minimum pressure is 0.00 bar, the maximum flow velocity in the pipe that occurs is 0.82 m/s and the minimum pressure is 0.49 m/s, while the maximum hydraulic grade that occurs is 4.50 m/s and the minimum pressure is 1.54 m/s(Haestad Methods 1999).2) In Section 2 -P.255/J.255(end of stage 1) using PVC pipe material Type RRJ-S10, the maximum pressure that occurs is 18.97 bar and the minimum pressure is 2.01 bar, the maximum flow velocity in the pipe that occurs is 0.49 m/s and the minimum pressure is 0.49 m/s, while the maximum hydraulic grade that occurs is 1.55 m/s and the minimum pressure is 1.54 m/s. 3) In Section P. 255/J.255(end of stage 1) -P.597/J.597(end of stage 2) using PVC pipe material Type RRJ-S10, the maximum pressure that occurs is 16.43 bar and the minimum pressure is 6.07 bar, the maximum flow velocity in the pipe that occurs is https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425 211 0.49 m/s and the minimum pressure is 0.49 m/s, while the maximum hydraulic grade that occurs is 1.56 m/s and the minimum pressure is 1.53 m/s.4) In Section P. 597/J.597(end of stage 2) -P.601/J.601(stage 3) using PVC pipe material Type RRJ-S10, the maximum pressure that occurs is 9.42 bar and the minimum pressure is 8.13 bar, the maximum flow velocity in the pipe that occurs is 0.49 m/s and the minimum pressure is 0.49 m/s, while the maximum hydraulic grade that occurs is 1.55 m/s and the minimum pressure is 1.54 m/s.5) In Section P. 601/J.601(stage 3) -P.626/J.626(stage 3) -using PVC pipe material Type RRJ-S8, the maximum pressure was 13.11 bar and the minimum pressure was 11.17 bar, the maximum flow velocity in the pipe was 0.49 m/s and the minimum pressure was 0.49 m/s, while the maximum hydraulic grade was 2.01 m/s and the minimum pressure was 1.54 m/s.6) In Section P. 626/J.626(stage 3) -P.671/J.671(stage 3) -using HDPE PN16 pipe material, the maximum pressure is 16.41 bar and the minimum pressure is 13.23 bar, the maximum flow velocity in the pipe is 0.49 m/s and the minimum pressure is 0.49 m/s, while the maximum hydraulic grade is 2.02 m/s and the minimum pressure is 1.55 m/s.7) In Section P. 671/J.671(stage 3) -P.676/J.676(stage 3) -using PVC pipe material Type RRJ-S8, the maximum pressure that occurs is 13.56 bar and the minimum pressure is 11.22 bar, the maximum flow velocity in the pipe that occurs is 0.49 m/s and the minimum pressure is 0.49 m/s, while the maximum hydraulic grade that occurs is 1.55 m/s and the minimum pressure is 1.54 m/s.8) In Section P. 676/J.676(stage 3) -Kemiri Tandon (stage 3) -using PVC pipe matrial Type RRJ-S10, the maximum pressure that occurs is 10.39 bar and the minimum pressure is 3.31 bar, the maximum flow velocity in the pipe that occurs is 0.57 m/s and the minimum pressure is 0.49 m/s, while the maximum hydraulic grade that occurs is 4.83 m/s and the minimum pressure is 1.54 m/s.

Material Specifications
Based on the results of the analysis, transmission pipe criteria, and pipe material specifications that: 1.
Review of the flow velocity in pipe, the flow velocity is in accordance with the minimum velocity criteria of 0.3 m/s for all types of pipe material, and the maximum velocity of 4.5 m/s for PVC pipe material and 6 m/s for DCIP pipe material.From the results of the analysis on all sections of the pipe network, it still meets the criteria for both PVC pipe material and DCIP pipe material(Pahude 2022).2.
The pressure review can be seen that the pressure that occurs is different, on steep and steep topography there is great pressure.The ability to withstand the existing https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425

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pressure depends on the type of material installed.The following are the results of the analysis based on the hydraulic pressure review that occurred: a) In Section Reservoir -Press Release Tub 2 using galvanized iron pipe material, the maximum pressure that occurs is 5.22 bar and the minimum pressure is 0.00 bar, based on the specifications of galvanized iron pipe material with sch 40, the pressure that occurs is still far below the ability of the pipe to withstand pressures up to 40 bar.b) At Section 2 -P.255 (end of stage 1) the pressure that occurs in this section is very large if compared with the specifications of the pipe material installed.With RRJ-S10 PVC pipes that can only withstand a maximum pressure of 12.5 bar, while the pressure that occurs at some points exceeds the ability of the pipe which causes the pipe to burst.This is also supported by the absence of air valves and trashblocks at vulnerable points.In this section there are many vulnerable points with hydraulic that occurs more than 12 bar.The following is the location of the vulnerable points in this section: c) In Section P. 255 (end of stage 1) -P.601 using PVC pipe matrial Type RRJ-S10, the pressure that occurs exceeds 12.5 bar.With RRJ-S10 PVC pipes that are only able to withstand a maximum pressure of 12.5 bar, while the pressure that occurs at some points exceeds the ability of the pipe which causes the pipe to burst.The following is the location of the vulnerable points in this section: ).e) In Section P. 601 (stage 3) -P.626 (stage 3) -using PVC pipe material Type RRJ-S8, the maximum pressure that occurs is 13.11 bar.Based on the specifications of PVC pipe material Type RRJ-S8, the pressure that occurs is still below the ability of the pipe to withstand pressures up to 16 bar.f) In Section P. 626 (stage 3) -P.671 (stage 3) -using HDPE PN16 pipe material, at some points the pressure exceeds 16 bar on the P. 646 -P.653 network or 150.60 m long.The pressure that occurs is between 16.01 bar -16.41 bar.g) In Section P. 671 (stage 3) -P.676 (stage 3) -using PVC pipe matrial Type RRJ-S8, the pressure that occurs is still below the ability of the pipe to withstand pressures up to 16 bar.h) In Section P. 676 (stage 3) -Tandon Kemiri (stage 3) using PVC pipe matrial Type RRJ-S10, the pressure that occurs is still below the ability of the pipe to withstand pressures up to 12.5 bar.

Analysis and Interpretation of Results
Based on the analysis of the existing distribution pipe network carried out, and based on the criteria and specifications of the pipe material in the following table: of Distribution Pipe Network ANALYSIS OF PIPE NETWORK OPTIMIZATION FOR RAW WATER IN JABUNG SUB-DISTRICT, MALANG DISTRICT Putut Subandriyo, Laksono Djoko Nugroho, Haris Muhammadun 208 IJATEIS | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND INFORMATION SYSTEM https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425 Figure 1.Location of Existing Distribution Pipe Leaks and Ruptures Source: Processed data (2023) Figure 3. Existing Hydraulic Distribution Pipe Network Phase I (P.0 to P.255) https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425 Source: Processed data (2023) Figure 4. Existing hydraulic distribution pipe network Phase I (P.255 to P.597) Source: Processed data (2023) Figure 5. Existing hydraulic distribution pipe network Phase I (P.255 to P.597)

Water Source Analysis Conduct analysis and identification based on the data obtained on water sources that have sufficient water potential to meet raw needs in the service area by gravity and in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 492 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010 concerning Drinking Water Quality Requirements (Permenkes 2010). b.
The data analysis carried out in this study is as follows: a.

Table 2 . Projected Population of Pandansari Lor Village Source
: Calculation results

Table 4 . Projected Population of Argosari Village Source
: Calculation result

Table 5 . Projected Raw Water Needs of Argosari Village Source
: Analysis result (2022)

Table 6 . Projected Population of Gading Kembar Village Source
: Calculation result

Table 8 . Projected Population of Kemiri Gede Village Source
: Calculation results