ANALYSIS OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN BUILDING WORKERS OF SMAN 5 BRAWIJAYA BUILDING KEDIRI

Construction projects are a job sector that has level risks and work accident , this is caused consequence low awareness to application Occupational Safety and Health (K3) and in accordance with the regulations applicable legislation. Often application of K3 to a construction project considered only as a cost expense , not as an investment to prevent happen work accidents but can give level loss of the construction project. Kediri is city biggest third in East Java province after Surabaya and Malang according to population . Kediri City is city the oldest in East Java. SMAN 5 Taruna Brawijaya Kediri, East Java was built with the aim of support teaching and learning activities. Results of the analysis it can be categorized Work accidents among construction workers at SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri : Indiscipline workforce , Do not have standardization of good and clear K3 implementation, Refuse recommendation use of personal safety equipment , No evaluation system regarding the implementation of work in implementing K3, and unclear division of tasks in formation organization so it is not clear how to implement it.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is one of the developing countries with rapid growth and a relatively large population.The population in Indonesia is increasing in proportion to the development of community needs, both the needs of elementary schools, high schools, and universities.Inevitably, the increase in infrastructure development can be seen from the many construction projects that take place.Such as building, road, and bridge projects.As we know, construction projects are synonymous with work accidents.
Construction projects are a sector of work that has a level of risk and work accidents, this is due to low awareness of the importance of implementing Occupational Safety and Health (K3) that is good and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations (Wicaksono & Singgih, 2011).Often the application of OHS in a construction project is considered only as a cost burden, not as an investment to prevent work accidents but can provide a level of loss from the construction project itself.
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a field related to the health, safety, and welfare of people who work in an institution or at a project site (Suma'mur, 2017).The purpose of implementing Occupational Safety and Health is to maintain the health and safety of the work environment, as well as protect coworkers, workers' families, consumers, and other people who may also be affected by work environment conditions (Habir & Mardianti, 2022).All organizations have an obligation to ensure that workers and others involved remain in a safe condition at all times.Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) practices include prevention, sanctioning, and compensation, as well as healing injuries and care for workers, and providing health care, and sick leave (Pertama et al., 2022).
The success of a project is influenced by various factors, one of which is work accidents in construction projects, which of course hinder the performance and achievement of project goals.Therefore, procedures and implementation of occupational safety and health must be considered because the impact of work accidents that may arise can hamper the work being done in the construction project (SINAGA, 2021).
Construction work is a contributor to a fairly high accident rate.According to research by the United Nations agency for international labor, The International Labor Organization (ILO), which aims to encourage the presence of opportunities to obtain decent, productive work, freely, fairly, safely and with dignity.Stating that every year more than 1.2 million people die as a result of work accidents or work-related diseases and based on estimates there are 250 million work accidents and 160 million work-related diseases.One of the work sectors that experienced the highest number of work accidents occurred in the construction sector with a percentage reaching 31.9%.Meanwhile in Indonesia, data on work accidents according to the Employment Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) revealed that the number of work accidents in 2021 occurred as many as 234,270 cases.This number increased by 5.65% from 2020 of 221,740 cases.
In 2021, the three regions with the highest level of work accidents in Indonesia consist of several regions that do have large industrial areas in them, namely East Java Province, West Java Province and the West Sumatra region of Riau.From the various work accidents that occur, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan divides the consequences experienced by workers into several groups, namely; functional disability, partial disability, permanent total disability, death and recovery.Where based on data in 2021, workers who experienced functional disability were 3,804 cases, partial disability were 4,362 cases, permanent total disability were 28 cases, 6,552 cases died and 219 624 cases recovered.The number of work accidents in reality is certainly much greater than the data on work accidents originating from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, this is because there are still many workers who are not included as participants in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan.In 2022, there were 36 million active BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participants out of a total of 131.06 million workers in Indonesia(Undang-Undang et al., 2003).
Based on The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), construction is one of the most dangerous jobs in the world, producing the most death rates among other sectors.In general, the process of building a construction project is an activity that contains many elements of danger (Adi & Kushartomo, 2023).
According to Indonesian Law No. 1 of 1970 on Occupational Safety, Law No. 3 of 1992 on Workers' Social Security (JAMSOSTEK), and Minister of Manpower Regulation No. Per.05/Men/1996 on Occupational Safety and Health Management System (Indonesia & Indonesia, 1970).But in reality, project implementers often ignore the requirements and regulations in Occupational Safety and Health (Rakyat, 2014).In addition, the existence of regulations regarding occupational safety and health is not matched by strict legal efforts and severe sanctions, occupational safety and health is the responsibility of all parties involved in construction projects (Steven & Waty, 2020).
Risk management aims to minimize adverse consequences that may arise through planning, identifying, analyzing, handling, and monitoring risks.In addition, risk management also aims to identify sources of risk and uncertainty, determine their effects, and determine appropriate responses.The purpose of risk management is not only to reduce risk.Risk management can be used by a decision maker in estimating risks to avoid risks that will occur during implementation in the field.
SMAN 5 Taruna Brawijaya East Java is located in a dormitory environment and nurtured by the Army and is one of the favorite schools in the city of Kediri.SMAN 5 Taruna Brawijaya East Java is not an entirely new school establishment.Rather, it is a transition of an existing school, SMAN 5 Kediri.The transition process was marked by the signing of a memorandum of understanding on the implementation of cooperation between the East Java Provincial Education Office and the Army, namely by the Chief of Staff of the Army (KASAD) Lieutenant General Andika Perkas, Governor of East Java Dra.Hj Khofifah Indar Parawansa, M.Si., and Pagdam V/Brawijaya Major General TNI R. Wisnoe Prasetja Boedi at the Grahadi State Building Surabaya on May 2, 2019.
The availability of adequate and sustainable educational facilities is an urgent need to support the implementation of national development.Education is one of the basic needs that is indispensable in improving the quality of human life and economic growth of a region.To support the objectives of the Development of SMAN 5 Taruna Brawijaya Kediri East Java (Dormitory and Dining Room) including the creation of a quality educational environment, a systematic step is needed to ensure the quantity and quality of construction built in accordance with predetermined standard criteria and planning documents that have been prepared.
SMAN 5 Taruna Brawijaya Kediri East Java (Dormitory and Dining Room) was built with the aim to support teaching and learning activities.To support the development of SMAN 5 Taruna Brawijaya Kediri East Java, supervision instruments are needed so that the output of the results of the implementation of the construction of educational facilities is expected to meet the requirements of technical specifications of infrastructure and facilities that cover the period of preparation for implementation, implementation, and post-implementation of development.
Based on this background and the need for educational infrastructure and risk management in the implementation of the construction of the SMAN 5 building, the construction of the SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri Building was carried out, the purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors that cause work accidents that exist in the Building Workers of SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri Building.As well as getting the ranking of risk factors causing work accidents that exist in the Building Workers of SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri.

RESEARCH METHODS
The location of this research is on Jl.Selomangleng No.2, Sukorame.The research location can be seen in Figure 3.3.which is located in Mojoroto District, Kediri City, East Java.The data to be collected and used in this research consists of 2 kinds, namely primary and secondary data.In this study, primary data were obtained from questionnaires, interview results and field surveys obtained from sources, namely building workers.In this study, the secondary data in question are technical documents https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425 337 for building construction, project documents, and risk management which will produce risk outputs and responses to the implementation of building work.The data sources or respondents in this study are building workers who are directly affected by the project.From these qualifications, it is hoped that the data obtained can be trusted and accounted for.This research variable uses the equation formula (David Hillson, 2002): Where:  Frequency is the probability of the risk occurring frequently. Impact is how much a risk affects the cost, quality, time of the project.

Ranking Risks Based on Risk Level
Risks are ranked based on the result of the multiplication between the frequency and impact scales, arranged from the largest to the smallest.
 Number of Risk Factors: z  Value at frequency = a (0.1 -0.9) 2013), the risk index is based on probability and impact.Each risk index reflects the level of risk, so based on the risk index, the risk level is determined.The risk level is divided into three, namely low risk, moderate risk and high risk.
 Probability is the chance of the risk occurring.Probability is based on statistical analysis or experience judgment.Probability can also be based on data on the frequency of such events in the past.Probability ratings are from very small to very large, or values of 0.1 to 0.9.A probability rating value of 0.1 means that it is unlikely to occur and a probability value of 0.9 means that it is very likely/often to occur. Impact is a negative effect on the achievement of goals or detrimental to the company.The size of the impact must be based on data or an approach to the losses incurred.Losses can be calculated on the basis of acquisition value, book value, market value or replacement value.Furthermore, the impact is converted into a scale value of 0.05 to 0.8.This impact rating will be different for each risk classification.An impact rating value of 0.05 means a very mild risk impact and an impact rating value of 0.8 means an extreme risk impact.Risk identification is carried out by collecting data obtained through reference sources which are then validated using questionnaire and interview methods.Risk identification using questionnaire and interview methods serves to get input on risk factors that cause accidents to construction workers.Then all of these factors will be used in conducting risk analysis using the Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) method.From the existing risk analysis, the risk response strategy will then be determined.
The risk factors causing work accidents in construction workers that will be validated using questionnaires and interviews are 20 (twenty) factors.
https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425 In the first stage, the risk will be analyzed using a qualitative analysis method where in this method the risk will be categorized based on its source using the Risk Breakdown Structure method.Categorizing risks based on the root of the problem or based on categories that are considered important can help increase the effectiveness of risk management.After the results of the questionnaire are obtained, the next step is to use the quantitative analysis method to compile the level of risk importance to find out which risks have the most potential to cause work accidents at the Building Workers of SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri.
In the research the author used questionnaire instruments and interviews.In this study, risks will be identified from the perceptions of building workers in the SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri Building project in East Java Province.From the identification of risks will be classified according to the category of risk factors that have been recorded, then risk analysis is carried out to obtain the level of risk and risk ranking.The next step is to determine the risk response of the risk level.
Interviews were conducted with respondents from all stakeholders that have been determined with a minimum number of 15 (fifteen) respondents with the following composition: 1. Building Worker 10 Respondents 2. Supervisory Consultant 5 Respondents The questionnaire was conducted in three parts.The first was a questionnaire on risk identification.The second part is a questionnaire regarding the frequency of risk factors affecting the implementation of construction work with 5 (five) parameters namely: very small, small, medium, large, and very large.The third part is a questionnaire regarding the level of influence / impact of risk factors on the implementation of construction work with 5 (five) classifications, namely: very light, light, medium, heavy, extreme.
The questionnaire is used in the process of classification and weighting of risk levels.By using a minimum of 15 respondents, which are divided into 3 elements of respondents, each of which amounts to 10 people and 5 people, including Building Workers and Supervisory Consultants.This questionnaire will ask about the level of probability and impact of risk with a scale.There are 5 (five) scales of probability, including scale 1 with a score of 0.1, scale 2 with a score of 0.3, scale 3 with a score of 0.5, scale 4 with a score of 0.7, and scale 5 with a score of 0.9.For impact there are 5 (five) scales including scale 1 with a score of 0.05, scale 2 with a score of 0.1, scale 3 with a score of 0.2, scale 4 with a score of 0.4 and scale 5 with a score of 0.8.Descriptive analysis will be conducted in this study to determine the level of risk that has the most potential to cause work accidents at the Building Workers of SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri.In this study, the risk factors analyzed will be taken 5 (five) largest rankings to discuss risk response strategies.

Assessment of Risk Factor Obstacle Levels in Project Implementation
The author takes questionnaire data through google forms and interviews.The following is an attachment to the questions listed on the google form.The frequency of occurrence of risk-causing factors that have the potential to hinder the implementation of the construction work of the SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri Building based on the results of questionnaires that have been distributed, including: According to the results of distributing questionnaires from 15 respondents out of 20 risk factors that hinder project implementation, there are 2 risk factors that can 100% hinder project implementation, namely aspects: labor indiscipline and lack of communication, out of 15 respondents fully assessed that both factors are obstacles to the implementation of building construction work.On the other hand, the factor "Selection of raw materials that are not suitable and do not meet the standards" is considered to have the lowest implementation inhibiting factor on "Building Workers of SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri Building".

Assessment of Frequency of Occurrence of Risk Factors Causing Work Accidents in Building Projects
Based on the results of the interview questionnaire and discussions carried out, the risk stakeholders agreed to determine the likelihood of each risk factor that will occur in project implementation by giving a value of 0.1 sample 0.9 with assumptions based on table 2.4 regarding the probability and impact matrix.
The results of the assessment of 15 respondents regarding the probability of each risk factor causing work accidents can be explained in table 3 as follows: According to the results of distributing questionnaires from 15 respondents regarding the probability of risk factors causing work accidents in construction workers, the risk factor "Labor indiscipline" is considered to have the greatest probability of occurring, reaching 0.887.Conversely, the risk factor "Selection of raw materials that are not suitable and do not meet the standards" is considered to have the lowest probability of 0.180.

Impact Level Assessment of Risk Factors Causing Work Accidents in Building Projects
Based on the results of the interview questionnaire conducted, the risk stakeholders agreed to determine the possible impact of each aspect / risk factor in providing the risk of work accidents in building projects by giving a value of 0.05 to 0.8 with assumptions based on the probability and impact matrix.
The results of the assessment of 15 respondents regarding the impact of each risk factor can be explained in table 4 as follows: Source: Author's Data, 2023 Based on the assessment of 15 respondents regarding the impact of the occurrence of these risk factors in project implementation, it shows that the risk factor "Labor indiscipline" is considered to have the greatest risk impact that causes work accidents to occur in building construction projects, which reaches 0.773.Conversely, the risk factor "Selection of raw materials that are not suitable and do not meet the standards" is considered to have the lowest impact of 0.073.Source: Author's Data, 2023 Based on the results of research from 15 respondents regarding the probability and impact of the occurrence of risk factors that cause occupational accidents to building workers in the implementation of Building Construction shows that the risk factor "Does not have a good and clear standardization of K3 implementation" has the greatest risk level that causes occupational accidents in the implementation of Building Construction SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri which reaches 0.686.(Sanjaya et al., 2012) Conversely, the risk factor "Selection of raw materials that are not suitable and do not meet the standards" is considered to have the lowest risk level of 0.013.
Of the 20 (twenty) risk factors taken 5 (five) risk factors with the greatest level of risk obtained as follows: 1. Labor indiscipline (0.686) 2.Not having a good and clear standardization of OHS implementation (0.631) 3. Rejecting the recommendation to use personal protective equipment (0.598) 4.There is no system evaluation of the implementation of work in applying OHS (0.583) 5.The division of tasks is not clear in the formation of the organization so that it is not clear in its implementation (0.516)

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1.Based on the results of research and development of research concepts, it can be identified the risk category of occupational accidents in the Building Workers of SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri: Workers' indiscipline, Not having a good and clear standardization of OHS implementation, Rejecting the recommended use of personal protective equipment, The absence of a system evaluation of the implementation of work in applying OHS, and The division of tasks that are not clear in the formation of the organization so that it is not clear in its implementation.2. From the results of the analysis using the Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS), it was found that the top 5 (five) ranking of risk factors for occupational accidents in building workers who have the highest risk include labor indiscipline, not having a good and clear standardization of OHS implementation, refusing

Table 1 . Assessment of the Level of Risk Factors in the Implementation of the Building Construction Project of SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri
https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425 18 Lack of operator skills in operating equipment

Table 4 . Assessment of The Impact of The Occurrence of Risk Factors Causing Work Accidents in Building Projects
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4. Risk Breakdown Structure Analysis
RBS (Risk Breakdown Structure)analysis is calculated based on data regarding the probability of occurrence and impact of events assessed by previous respondents.The result of the multiplication of probability and impact will produce a risk importance level, which can be explained in the following table 5: https://ojs.transpublika.com/index.php/IJATEIS/E-ISSN: 2828-5425 343 3.