EFFECTIVENESS OF DIRECT CASH ASSISTANCE IN INDEPENDENT VILLAGES IN BARRU REGENCY

This study aims to identify problems that occur in the distribution process, suitability of the Beneficiary Determination Criteria (KPM), the amount and use of direct cash assistance by KPM in independent villages, and provide recommendations for strategies used to increase the effectiveness of direct cash assistance distribution for residents of independent villages. This research was conducted in villages that have status as Independent Villages in Barru Regency, namely Kading Village, Lompo Tengah Village, Cilelang Village, Bojo Village, Gattareng Village, Pujananting Village and Pancana Village. The research method uses a sequential mixed method, namely a quantitative method which is then followed by a qualitative method. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of Direct Cash Assistance through Village Funds (BLT DD) Independent Village, Barru Regency, South Sulawei Province can be carried out well as the process of implementing the distribution of BLT DD has been running optimally based on its legal basis. Obstacles to the implementation of BLT DD distribution activities were influenced by internal and external factors. The internal factor in the distribution of BLT DD is the regulation regarding the mechanism for distributing BLT DD which can be called not according to schedule. The effectiveness of the Distribution of Direct Cash Assistance to Village Funds in an Effort to Help Poor Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Independent Villages, Barru Regency is said to have been effective.


INTRODUCTION
At the end of 2019, Wuhan Province, China was hit by an outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 or the Covid-19 virus which caused mass deaths. This epidemic quickly spread throughout the world, including Indonesia. The emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019  in Indonesia was on March 2 2020. The spread of  in Indonesia is one of the fastest spreading on December 13 2020, the number of positive 611,631 people, recovered 501,376 people, died 18,653 people. On March 11 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared Covid-19 a global pandemic, which has spread to 215 countries in the world. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a huge impact, not only on health but also on social and economic conditions (Hanoatubun, 2020). This outbreak/pandemic has caused many business sectors to close, layoffs, and decreased employment (Tobing, 2021).
To overcome the impact of the pandemic, the government has formulated a policy for Combating  or what has become known as the "PC-PEN Program". The PC-PEN program is a series of activities for the recovery of the national economy which is part of the state financial policy implemented by the government to accelerate the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic and/or face threats that in the BLT distribution process in Mandiri Village, Barru Regency so that it can provide relevant recommendations in improving the effectiveness of the BLT Program.

LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Direct Cash Assistance (BLT)
Direct Cash Assistance(BLT) Desa is the provision of cash to poor or incapable families in villages whose funds come from the Village Fund to reduce the economic impact due to the Covid-19 pandemic (Oktiara, 2021). According to the Regulation of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia number 40/PMK.07/2020 concerning amendments to the Minister of Finance regulation number 205/PMK.07/2019 concerning Management of Village Funds Article 32, the use of village funds in 2020 due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is prioritized for Direct Aid Cash as a form of increasing public welfare to overcome the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.
In  (Paat et al., 2021). BLT disbursement is given in the amount of Rp300 thousand per month for 12 months to KPM. For regular villages it is given in three stages while for independent villages it is given in two stages.
Poor families receiving Village Direct Cash Assistance are families that have lost their livelihood or job, have not been recorded as having received the Family Hope Program (PKH), Non-Cash Food Assistance (hereinafter referred to as BPNT), and preemployment cards, as well as those who have family members who are prone to chronic illness / chronic (Permendes number 6 of 2020 Article 8A Paragraph (3).

BLT Effectiveness
To assess the effectiveness of BLT in villages with independent village status in Barru district, it can be measured from several things put forward by Theory of Makmur (2010; 7) in Kambey (2017), including the accuracy of timing, accuracy in making choices, and accuracy in targeting to achieve goals.

Timing Accuracy
In an organization time can determine the success or failure of an activity. Using the right time can create effectiveness in achieving the goals set. One indicator to assess effectiveness is timeliness. To carry out an activity or program, planning in determining the time is absolutely necessary. The time used properly will affect the level of effectiveness of a program in achieving its goals. In order to find out the timeliness of the distribution of direct village fund cash assistance, it was first explained about the mechanism for collecting data on potential village fund BLT recipients.

Accuracy in Making Choices
Making a choice is not an easy thing, we cannot directly determine BLT recipients but go through a process, so that we can find those who are appropriate and according to predetermined criteria, the hope is that these choices will not disappoint and are right on target. The village party has the authority to determine the mechanism and flow of data collection for BLTDD receipts in accordance with the established criteria and the data collection must be transparent, fair and accountable. Villages can use village data as a reference, recapitulation data of beneficiaries from social safety net program assistants if JPS beneficiary data is not available, and use the Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS) as a reference for PKH beneficiaries, BPNT and data from employment agencies in identifying beneficiaries of pre-employment card assistance.

Target Accuracy to Achieve the Goal
In order to ensure target accuracy, namely in the distribution of Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance, the central government has issued mechanisms and tasks from each level of government from the central government to those in the regions. In order to carry out the process of distributing Village Direct Cash Assistance Funds, it is necessary to carry out good cross sectoral and cross government coordination. The following is the coordination and division of tasks and authority in fostering and supervising the data collection of prospective Village Direct Cash Assistance Fund recipients.

Villagers Consumption Rate
Consumption pattern is the arrangement of the level of a person's needs in a certain period of time that will be met from his income (Hidayat M, 2020). Consumption patterns are very diverse so that a person in compiling his consumption pattern prioritizes basic needs while other needs are met when basic needs are met. For example for eating, drinking, clothing, housing, and education. The other needs will only be met if the income is sufficient. In the sense that if a person's income is low, non-essential needs will be postponed. Everyone's consumption patterns are different, people with low incomes will be different from people with high incomes.

RESEARCH METHODS
This study used a quantitative and qualitative approach which carried out sequentially or better known as the Sequential Mixed Method. This research was preceded by distributing questionnaires as a quantitative analysis tool containing questions related to the ongoing BLT process and objectives. The questionnaire consists of closed questions containing five answer choices (will be analyzed with a Likert scale) and open questions. The number of respondents in this study was targeted to reach 140 KPM (20 KPM in each Independent Village) and 7 village officials representing the seven villages studied. Based on the results of the questionnaires obtained, the researcher will then conduct in-depth interviews with some of the selected respondents. The selection of respondents to be interviewed was based on the answers filled in the questionnaire. The results of the research were then mapped to answer the formulation of the research problem.
This research was conducted in villages with independent village status in Barru district, namely Kading Village, Taneteriaja district, Lompo Tengah Village, Taneteriaja district, Cilelang Village, Mallusetasi district, Bojo Village, Mallusetasi district, Gattareng Village, Pujananting district, Pujananting Village, Pujananting district, and Pancana Village, Pujananting district and Pancana Village, Taneteriaja district, The types of data needed in this study were primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through structured interviews using questionnaires which were distributed to village officials and beneficiaries (KPM). Secondary data was obtained through literature studies, sources from internet searches. Secondary data also comes from the Central Bureau of Statistics (hereinafter referred to as BPS) and Accountability Reports for BLT Distribution from the Village Government.
Data collection techniques used literature studies, surveys and individual interviews with Human Development Cadres (KPM) and village officials who were the research samples. The method of analysis using quantitative analysis was carried out to analyze the results of the questionnaire, namely by using a Likert scale. The data obtained was presented in the form of tabulations and graphics. Furthermore, the results of the interviews was analyzed qualitatively, supported by explanations accompanied by arguments for field findings in the form of presentation of qualitative data and information.

Implementation of Direct Village Fund Cash Assistance (BLT DD) in Independent Villages, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province
In achieving research activities and getting the desired results. In this case, the author examines the implementation of BLT DD in Barru Regency regarding the legal basis, budget during activities and the distribution process and the time of implementation of BLT DD.

Legal Basis for Implementing Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance in Barru Regency
In realizing the implementation of Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance to be able to help the village community's economy, the Regional Government through the

Budget for Direct Cash Assistance Activities for the Village Fund of Barru Regency
The BLT DD activity program is a program of providing funds to village communities using village funds. BLT DD is also a program that is prioritized by every village because the aim is to help the economy of village communities who are economically affected. The implementation of the BLT DD distribution can be carried out until October 2022, as can be seen from the following data:

Barru Regency's Economic Condition During the COVID-19 Pandemic
If the village follows the government's criteria, conducts data collection that is transparent, fair, and can be accounted for according to law, then the village can determine its own candidate recipients of the Village Fund BLT (PPN/Bappenas 2020). The figure above explains the TPAK (Labor Force Participation Rate) or it can be explained that TPAK is the percentage of the labor force to the population aged 15 years and over. The increase in TPAK shows that the higher the supply of available labor. There is also TPT (Open Unemployment Rate) which is explained in the following graph: The figure above provides an explanation of open unemployment. Open Unemployment is a group consisting of those who do not have a job and those who are not looking for work. TPT itself is the percentage of the number of unemployed to the number of generations work. This is not only proven by the increasing unemployment rate, but also by the poverty data which is increasing every year. The following is a graph of poverty data from 2017 to 2021.  The economic statement that is getting worse due to Covid-19 is corroborated by the graph of the poverty line which is getting higher every year as explained in the graph below.  Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) can be said to have had a direct impact on increasing the purchasing power of the poor during the Covid-19 pandemic, so it can be interpreted that the BLT program is beneficial for BLT beneficiaries. Each Mandiri Village official stated that there were indeed obstacles during the process of distributing the funds but because the benefits of BLT DD were very large and could improve the welfare of the beneficiary communities, this was not a problem.

Implementation Time for the BLT DD Program, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province
The distribution of BLT DD to independent villages from 2020 to 2022 is divided into several stages. In 2020 there will be 1 stage, 2021 will have 2 stages and 2022 will also have 2 stages. In contrast to underdeveloped villages, where the majority go through 3 stages of BLT DD distribution, the details of the stages described are as follows: The table above shows that in 2020 there will only be one stage. The actualization of the distribution process is given in March and September according to the villages shown in the table above. In addition, in the 2020 process, the number of Beneficiary Families (KPM) has not been recorded. The number of KPM will begin to be recorded in 2021. The following is the data for BLT DD distribution in 2021:   In 2022 there appears to be a reduction in the number of Beneficiary Families (KPM) in 7 independent villages which in 2021 will be 1679 KPM to 1061 KPM. village. In 2022, initially 7 villages will become 17 villages with more than 2500 KPM.

Results of the Questionnaire Net Evaluation of Direct Village Fund Cash Assistance (BLT DD) in Independent Villages, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province
Data collection was obtained through a questionnaire that was formulated based on theory and expert opinion and was filled in by respondents who were then processed into information. Respondents who were involved in data collection were 140 KPM (20 KPM in each Independent Village) and 7 village officials representing the seven villages studied. Measurements were taken on experts using a Likert scale with a score of 5 = strongly agree, score 4 = agree, score 3 = less agree, score 2 = disagree, score 1 = strongly disagree.

Results of the Questionnaire Net Target Accuracy, Accuracy of Purpose, Amount and Process
The results of the questionnaire net by 140 villagers with the total score and percentage of eligibility can be seen in the following table.    The total score of the observations is the sum of the scores of each statement of the observation results multiplied by the weight of the score according to the Likert scale. The maximum score is the maximum score on the Likert scale multiplied by the number of items. In the Target Accuracy Table, the number of questions is 4, so the maximum value for each question is 4 x 5 = 20. The total expected score is the maximum score multiplied by the number of respondents, so that 140 x 20 = 2800. Meanwhile, in the Target Accuracy and Amount Table, the number of questions is 7, so the maximum score for each question is 7 x 5 = 35. The total expected score is the maximum score multiplied by the number of respondents, so that 140 x 35 = 4900. The Process Accuracy Table also has a number of questions 7 which means it has a maximum score of 4900 as well. Calculation of the feasibility percentage of the questionnaire net above uses the following formula: ∑observation score = (sum x SS score) + (sum x S score) +(sum x CS score) + (sum x TS score) + (sum x STS score).

Presentation = x 100%
From the three tables above, it is obtained a percentage of 88.6% for target accuracy, 84.8% target and amount accuracy, and 84% for process accuracy. Based on the criteria in the feasibility table according to Arikunto (2009) in Ida & Rijali (2021). The percentage of the total score is included in the Very Worthy category. Presentation of the scale according to the percentage of the total score according to Arikunto (2009)  The results of the questionnaire net by apparatus representatives from each independent village were 7 people with the total score and percentage of eligibility can be seen in the following table. From the results of the Likert scale above, it can be stated that the implementation of the BLT DD program in the independent village of Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province, is also classified as near perfect.

Analysis of the Implementation of the Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance Program (BLT DD)
In the context of alleviating poverty due to the Covid-19 outbreak, the government issued socio-economic policies, one of which was direct cash assistance. The social and economic impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have greatly affected the level of community welfare. This is due to restrictions on economic activity which at a macro level reduce economic growth and cause many people to lose their jobs so that it has the potential to increase the number of poor people. In implementing the BLT-DD program in 7 independent villages, the authors searched for data and information related to the distribution of BLT DD. This activity was carried out to find out the mechanism for distributing BLT DD to the community. The author took a sample, namely Pancana Village, which was carried out by filling out a questionnaire to Erwinsyah as the Cilellang village official, in which he stated: "village officials must go door to door in distributing BLT in this village due to the current pandemic conditions". This meant that officials from Pancana Village did not gather the masses to get help. In addition, through the results of the interview, it was also clarified again that the basis for the distribution of BLT DD by the Village Government still refers to the Health Protocol as recommended by the government during the distribution of BLT DD, so that it is hoped that this activity can be carried out but does not increase the number of villagers exposed to Covid-19. From the results of the questionnaires conducted, it was also apparent that the BLT DD program, which was carried out in independent villages in Barru Regency, was running smoothly. The author obtained information on the factors that hindered the distribution of BLT DD through a net of questionnaires to representative officials from 7 independent villages in Barru Regency regarding obstacles to the distribution of BLT DD, some of whom stated: "The distribution time was too long because it had to be door to door while the number of beneficiaries was 358," said Syamsuriyati as Kading Village apparatus. There was also a statement by Aridha as the Gattereng Village Apparatus, namely "Access to the place where the residents who received BLT were very difficult to reach, so the distribution took a long time" and According to Ashar as a Pancana Village official, he stated that "During the distribution of BLT by Door to Door (during PPKM ) we are having a little trouble because there are some residents who live in mountainous areas where the road can only be traversed by foot." It is clear from the results of the questionnaire above, the authors were able to capture the problems that hampered the distribution of BLT DD in several independent villages in Barru District. The inhibiting factors for the distribution of BLT DD are as follows:

Inhibiting Factors in the
1) Regulations on the mechanism for the distribution of BLT DD and available funds for the distribution of BLT DD are late. 2) Access to residents' homes that are difficult to reach.

Discussion
Implementation of BLT DD from the beginning to the end of the fiscal year can be distributed to village communities that have been designated as Beneficiary Families (KPM). Clearly, the community's response to the existence of this program from the government is very helpful, especially in the economic sector in meeting basic needs. The distribution of BLT DD based on predetermined regulations can help especially beneficiaries to meet the requirements and meet the predetermined criteria so that this activity is able to help Independent Village Communities who have been affected by the economy due to Covid-19. Provision of information regarding the existence of the BLT DD program and the existence of deliberations in determining the recipients of this assistance to village communities with the aim of transparency and accountability in an activity. The existence of villages that have not been able to complete an activity certainly has an impact on the distribution of BLT DD to the next stage.

CONCLUSION
The results and discussion that have been explained in the previous chapter, the author can conclude regarding the Implementation of BLT DD Barru Regency as follows: 1) The implementation of BLT DD in Independent Village, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province can be carried out well, as the process of implementing the distribution of BLT DD has been running optimally based on its legal basis. There is also the available budget that has been able to be channeled by implementing the health protocol, apart from that the important role of village officials in seeking village funds, and the distribution of village funds has also been appropriate. This is evidenced by the results of the questionnaire net as well as the findings and discussions which state that there have been positive changes after the distribution of BLT DD on the welfare of the community. 2) Obstacles to the implementation of BLT DD distribution activities were influenced by internal and external factors. The internal factor in the distribution of BLT DD is the regulation regarding the mechanism for distributing BLT DD which can be