Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems: Implications for Emotional Human Communication
Main Article Content
Augustine Uchenna Nwodo*
Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly designed with affective characteristics. Emotionalized AI machines simulate human emotions to provide emotional assistance to human beings in various areas of life, and in turn, reshaping communication. Both the cognitive and affective aspects of artificial intelligence technology are widely adopted in today’s world due to their positive impact in accomplishing tasks. However, the critical question regarding the implications of AI advancement on the emotional human communication is the crux of this study. Thus, this research work inquired into the implications of artificial intelligence systems on the innate emotional human interaction. Communication research in this area has not received much attention. Therefore, through the use of conceptual research approach, 186 scientific article publications were extracted from Ebsco and Google databases, out of which 47 met the inclusion criteria based on the study objective. Data from these secondary sources were critically analyzed. This study was anchored on the theoretical foundation of Diffusion of Innovation theory. The study argues that though the advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) systems comes with lots of positive values, the intrinsic human-human emotional communication is a greater value that should not be endangered or substituted by technology. Hence, the paper recommends a conscious effort on the part of researchers and manufacturers of artificial intelligence (AI) systems to strictly abide by ethical standards in order to preserve this innate value in the human person.
Akça, Y., & Özer, G. (2014). Diffusion of innovation theory and an implementation on enterprise resource planning systems.
Ambekar, A., & Kumar, K. M. (2018). Artificial Intelligence Versus Human Intelligence, Who Will Win? International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities, 2(1).
Bakola, L., Drigas, A., & Skianis, C. (2022). Emotional Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence: The interaction of human intelligence in evolutionary robotics. 11, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.36919
Beck, M., & Libert, B. (2017). The Rise of AI Makes Emotional Intelligence More Important. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2017/02/the-rise-of-ai-makes-emotional-intelligence-more-important
Bodén, A., & Dahlstedt, G. (2023). Harnessing the Power: Exploring Opportunities and Challenges for Successful AI Adoption in Organizations.
Çobanoğlu, D. (2023). What is Conceptual Research: Definition & Examples. Forms App. https://forms.app/en/blog/conceptual-research
Colom, R., Karama, S., Jung, R. E., & Haier, R. J. (2010). Human intelligence and brain networks. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 12(4), 489–501.
da Silva Gabriel, M. L. D., & Da Silva, D. (2017). Diffusion and adoption of technology amongst engineering and business management students. International Journal of Innovation, 5(1), 20–31.
Dearing, J. W., & Cox, J. G. (2018). Diffusion of innovations theory, principles, and practice. Health Affairs, 37(2), 183–190.
Dong, Y., Hou, J., Zhang, N., & Zhang, M. (2020). Research on how human intelligence, consciousness, and cognitive computing affect the development of artificial intelligence. Complexity, 2020(1), 1680845.
Dwivedi, R. P. (2023). The Human Intelligence: Creativity, Communication and Culture in Crises. International Journal of Culture and Global Studies.
Evans, D. (2004). Can robots have emotions? Psychology Review, 11, 2–5.
Gupta, D., Singhal, A., Sharma, S., Hasan, A., & Raghuwanshi, S. (2023). Humans’ Emotional and Mental Well-Being under the Influence of Artificial Intelligence. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 6(6s), 184–197.
Guzman, A. L. (2018). What is human-machine communication, anyway. Human-Machine Communication: Rethinking Communication, Technology, and Ourselves, 1–28.
Guzman, A. L., & Lewis, S. C. (2020). Artificial intelligence and communication: A human–machine communication research agenda. New Media & Society, 22(1), 70–86.
Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. (2019). A brief history of artificial intelligence: On the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence. California Management Review, 61(4), 5–14.
Hendrix, R. E., & Morrison, C. C. (2020). Student emotional responses to different communication situations. Journal of Applied Communications, 104(3), 2.
Hermann, E. (2022). Artificial intelligence and mass personalization of communication content—An ethical and literacy perspective. New Media & Society, 24(5), 1258–1277.
Jaakkola, E. (2020). Designing conceptual articles: four approaches. AMS Review, 10(1), 18–26.
Jhala, A. (2015). “Emotions” (Psychology).
Kambur, E. (2018). Does emotional intelligence affect quality of service?: An application in the service sector. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 6(71), 587–600.
Kambur, E. (2021). Emotional intelligence or artificial intelligence?: Emotional artificial intelligence. Florya Chronicles of Political Economy, 7(2), 147–168.
Kaplan, A., & Haenlein, M. (2019). Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who’s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence. Business Horizons, 62(1), 15–25.
Korteling, J. E. (Hans)., van de Boer-Visschedijk, G. C., Blankendaal, R. A. M., Boonekamp, R. C., & Eikelboom, A. R. (2021). Human- versus Artificial Intelligence. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 4. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2021.622364
Lu, H., Li, Y., Chen, M., Kim, H., & Serikawa, S. (2018). Brain intelligence: go beyond artificial intelligence. Mobile Networks and Applications, 23, 368–375.
Lu, M. (2023). The ability and importance of human communication in the age of AI. Geographical Research Bulletin, 2, 187–189.
Momoh, I. E. (2015). An Introduction to Media and Communication Theories. Rhime Nigeria Limited.
Mowlana, H. (2018). On human communication. Javnost-The Public, 25(1–2), 226–232.
Olivier, B. (2017). Artificial Intelligence (AI) and being human: What is the difference? Acta Academica: Critical Views on Society, Culture and Politics, 49(1), 2–21.
Onyeator, I., & Okpara, N. (2019). Human communication in a digital age: Perspectives on interpersonal communication in the family. New Media and Mass Communication, 78(1), 35–45.
Papadimitriou, A. (2016). The Future of Communication: Artificial Intelligence and Social Networks. Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1481794&dswid=3355
Pessoa, L. (2017). Do intelligent robots need emotion? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(11), 817–819.
Peter, J., & Kühne, R. (2018). The new frontier in communication research: Why we should study social robots. Media and Communication, 6(3), 73–76.
Pew Research Center. (2017). Nearly Half of Americans Use Digital Voice Assistants, Mostly on Their Smartphones. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/12/12/nearly-half-of-Americans-use-digital voice-assistant%0A
Scheutz, M. (2011). 13 The inherent dangers of unidirectional emotional bonds between humans and social robots. Robot Ethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics, 205.
Schramm, W. (1971). The nature of communication between humans. The Process and Effects of Mass Communication, 3–53.
Schramm, W. M. (1973). Messages and Media: A Look at Human Communication. New York. Harper &Row. Siamwalla A, Patamasiriwat D, Setboosarng S.(1992 ….
Schröder, M., & McKeown, G. (2010). Considering social and emotional artificial intelligence. Proceedings of AISB 2010 Symposium Towards a Comprehensive Intelligence Test.
Sethumadhavan, A., & Phisuthikul, A. (2019). Can Machines Detect Emotions? Ergonomics in Design, 27(3), 30.
Shabbir, J., & Anwer, T. (2018). Artificial intelligence and its role in near future. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:1804.01396.
Shanthi, D., Narsimha, G., & Mohanthy, R. K. (2015). Human intelligence vs. artificial intelligence: Survey. International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering, 6(5), 30–34.
Sinha, S., & Pathak, A. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Vs. Natural (Human) Intelligence–Global Challenge for Human Rights. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 14(7), 18–21.
Stansberry, K., Anderson, J., & Rainie, L. (2019). Leading Concerns About the Future of Digital Life. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2019/10/28/5-leading-concerns-about-the-future-of-digital-life/
Stark, L., & Hoey, J. (2021). The ethics of emotion in artificial intelligence systems. Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 782–793.
Sundar, S. S., & Lee, E.-J. (2022). Rethinking communication in the era of artificial intelligence. Human Communication Research, 48(3), 379–385.
Tripathy, D. (2018). Emotional Intelligence: An Overview.
Weber-Guskar, E. (2021). How to feel about emotionalized artificial intelligence? When robot pets, holograms, and chatbots become affective partners. Ethics and Information Technology, 23(4), 601–610.
