CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND BATAK TOBA LANGUAGE IN QUESTION WORD
Main Article Content
This research intends to establish the similarities and differences in question words when using English and the Toba Batak language. It used a qualitative descriptive research design. Documentation techniques were used to collect the data. The researcher used descriptive analysis to analyze the data. The question words in English consist of 9 question words, which are as follows: "What", "Who", "Whose", "When", "Where", "Which", "Why," and "How." And in the Batak Toba language, consists of 11 question words, which are as follows: "Aha", "Ise", "Andigan", "Nandigan", "Dia", "Boasa/Beasa", "Boha", "Piga", "Sadia", "Mahua," and "Marhua." The results show that there are six similarities or equations between English and Toba Batak language in question words. However, there are also six differences between English and Toba Batak language in question words. Question words in English can occur and be put in the beginning and in the middle of interrogative sentence, whereas question words in Batak Toba language can be put in the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of interrogative sentence. English functioning question words similarly to Batak Toba, requesting the following: a person, an object, place, a manner, an activity, time, reason, and possession/ownership.
Aik, K. C., & Hui, K. K. (1999). Longman Dictionary of Grammar and Usage. Longman.
Azar, B. S. (1985). Fundamental of English Grammar.
English Club. (n.d.). WH Question Words. English Club. https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/wh-question-words.htm
Gairon, N. (2018). Analisis Kontrastif Kebahasaan.
Huda, N. L. A. (2018). Speaking Anxiety in the Presentation of EFL Students. Unpublished Bachelor Thesis. Universitas Islam Wolisongo.
Ke, P., Ke, & Zhu. (2019). Contrastive linguistics. Springer.
Keraf, G. (2001). Komposisi: Sebuah Pengantar Kemahiran Berbahasa, Cetakan XII. Ende: Nusa Indah.
Khansir, A. A. (2012). Error Analysis and Second Language Acquisition. Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 2(5).
Naibaho, J. (1991). Contrastive Linguistics. Medan.
Nimehchisalem, V. (2018). Exploring research methods in language learning-teaching studies. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(6), 27–33.
Rasier, L., & Hiligsmann, P. (2007). Prosodic transfer from L1 to L2. Theoretical and methodological issues. Nouveaux Cahiers de Linguistique Française, 28(2007), 41–66.
Rukajat, A. (2018). Pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif: quantitative research approach. Deepublish.
Selinker, L., & Gass, S. M. (2008). Second language acquisition. Lawrence Erlhaum Ass.
Sereno, M. I. (2014). Origin of symbol-using systems: speech, but not sign, without the semantic urge. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 369(1651), 20130303.
Siahaan, N. (1975). Morfologi Bahasa Batak Toba. Fakultas Sastra Indonesia.
Sibarani, R. (1997). Sintaksis Bahasa Batak Toba. USU press.
Tampubolon, S., & Panggabean, R. (2020). An Analysis of Kinds, Function, and Position of Question Words in English and Bahasa Batak Toba 2020.