JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND BUSINESS

Analysis of the Effect of Average Years of Schooling and Open Unemployment on the Gross Regional Domestic Product of Central Sulawesi Province, 2019-2023

Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The economy of Central Sulawesi Province shows fluctuating growth in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), with agriculture and mining as the primary drivers. Nevertheless, a number of obstacles remain, including sluggish economic growth in certain years, a relatively low Human Development Index as reflected in the Average Years of Schooling (RLS) indicator, and a continuing open unemployment problem. This situation highlights the need to understand how social factors relate to regional economic performance. This study seeks to examine the influence of Average Years of Schooling (RLS) and open unemployment on GRDP in Central Sulawesi Province. A quantitative approach employing panel data regression analysis is applied. Data spanning 2019 to 2023 are used to examine the relationship between RLS and open unemployment with respect to GRDP. The analysis reveals that RLS exerts a positive and significant influence on GRDP, with a 1 percent rise in RLS capable of raising GRDP by 3.162 percent. On the other hand, open unemployment has a negative and significant influence, whereby a 1 percent increase in open unemployment causes GRDP to fall by 0.222 percent. Overall, improvement of education quality through RLS is proven to drive regional economic growth, while high unemployment becomes an inhibiting factor for GRDP growth. Therefore, regional development policy needs to focus on improving access to and quality of education as well as creating job opportunities to reduce unemployment, so that the economic growth of Central Sulawesi can be more optimal.

Integration of Banking Law Competencies and Fraud Law Enforcement in the Development of the Law Study Program

Grace H. Tampongangoy*, Lendy Siar, Meylan Maasye Maramis — Tue, 23 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The development of the banking industry and the increasing complexity of financial crimes have created new challenges for legal education institutions in preparing graduates who are competent and adaptive to labor market needs. This article aims to analyze the importance of integrating banking law competencies and fraud law enforcement in the development of the Law Study Program. This study uses a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches supported by literature studies and recent academic literature and official regulatory documents. The results show that criminal acts of fraud in the banking sector, particularly those involving directors and internal banking actors, require legal professionals with comprehensive understanding of banking regulations, corporate governance, compliance systems, financial crime investigation, and law enforcement mechanisms. Therefore, legal education institutions are required to reformulate their curricula to align with the dynamics of the banking sector and the digital financial ecosystem. The integration of banking law competencies and fraud law enforcement can be carried out through curriculum strengthening, case-based learning, professional certification, internship programs at banking institutions, and cooperation with financial sector regulatory authorities. This integration is expected to improve graduate competitiveness, strengthen professional legal competencies, and contribute to the prevention and enforcement of law against banking crimes in Indonesia.