GREEN BARRIERS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE: A POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION DEFORESTATION REGULATION IN REVIEW OF THE GATT TREATY
Main Article Content
The European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) is a regulation introduced by the European Union that aims to address deforestation and forest degradation by preventing the entry of products that contribute to deforestation into the European market. The existence of strict requirements for commodities imported into the EU market has been considered to create green trade barriers that contradict the principle of free trade. This research aims to examine the EUDR policy in the review of the GATT 1994 agreement specifically to understand more deeply the position of green trade barriers and their relation to the EUDR policy. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach (Statue Approach) and conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach). The results of this study state that the explanation of Article XX paragraphs (b) and (g) of the GATT Agreement can be used as a legal basis to justify the application of environmentally motivated barriers in international trade. In other words, environmentally friendly forms of trade barrier protection are legitimate under the GATT Agreement, even though such policies may deviate from the principles of free trade, provided that such policies are not used as a means for unfair discrimination or restriction of trade.
Ahn, D. (1998). Environmental disputes in the GATT/WTO: before and after US-Shrimp case. Mich. J. Int’l L., 20, 819.
Erawaty, E. (2022). Implementasi kedaulatan Indonesia atas hasil tambang dalam perspektif perdagangan bebas: hambatan dan peluang menurut WTO agreements serta ancaman retaliasi.
European Commision. (2024). No TitleRegulation on Deforestation-free Products. EU. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/forests/deforestation/regulation-deforestation-free-products_en
Fauzi, A. F. (2023). Peran Word Trade Organization (WTO) Dalam Perlindungan Lingkungan Di Era Liberalisasi Perdagangan. Crepido, 5(1), 93–103.
Forwood, G., Connellan, C., & Nordin, S. (2023). EU adopts new rules for deforestation-free products. Whitecase. https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/eu-adopts-new-rules-deforestation-free-products
Hardiawan, R., & Sutrisno, A. (2023). Kajian Yuridis Kekalahan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia atas Gugatan Uni Eropa Terhadap Penghentian Ekspor Bijih Nikel pada Sidang WTO. Journal Evidence Of Law, 2(2), 153–165.
Mou, S. (2023). The Impact of Green Trade Barriers on Chinese Tea Exports: A Gravity Model Study. Modern Economy, 14(12), 1849–1864.
Nadras, S., Mazlan, R., Hussain, H., & Md, I. (2024). The European Union Deforestation-Free Regulation (EUDR): Assessing Impacts And Strategies For Malaysian And The Global Oil Palm Industry. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 19(6), 54–74.
Pendrill, F., Persson, U. M., Godar, J., & Kastner, T. (2019). Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition. Environmental Research Letters, 14(5), 55003.
Roulina, E. S., & Parikesit, I. G. N. (2023). Pengaturan Prinsip Most Favoured Nation (MFN) World Trade Organization Dalam Pelaksanaan Ekspor-Impor Di Indonesia. Jurnal Harian Regional.
Sende, K. P. (2023). International Trade Law And Sustainability: Balancing Trade Liberalisation And Environmental Protection.
Suherman, A. M. (2022). Hukum Perdagangan internasional: lembaga penyelesaian sengketa WTO dan Negara Berkembang. Sinar Grafika.
Wei, G. (2017). Analysis of Environmental Barriers in International Trade. 2017 3rd International Conference on Economics, Social Science, Arts, Education and Management Engineering (ESSAEME 2017).
Wei, W. (2019). Research on Green Barriers of China’s Agricultural Products and Countermeasures. Fourth International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2019), 149–152.
Wiko, G., & Kinanti, F. M. (2021). Elimination of non-tariff barriers of trade in goods in the Asean region: Will it ever work. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 51(2), 415–432.
Wyasa, I. (2017). Hukum Perdagangan Internasional. PT. Refika Aditama.