Implementation of International Regulations in Illegal Fishing: Case Study of Argentina and the Implementation of the Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA)
Main Article Content
Jenet Sheron Tikupadang*
Agussalim Burhanuddin
This research focuses on how international rules are put into practice to combat unlawful fishing, using Argentina as a case study and examining the use of the Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA). Information collected by the Food and Agriculture Organization in 2020 reveals that illegal fishing results in annual global economic losses ranging from USD 10 billion to USD 23 billion. The methodology employed in this study is descriptive analysis, with secondary data being utilised. The findings of this research highlight the existence of global laws such as UNCLOS 1982 and PSMA that aim to tackle illegal fishing. Unlike Indonesia, which has ratified the PSMA through Presidential Decree No. 43 of 2016, Argentina is the only Latin American country that has not ratified the PSMA. This is due to a dispute over the Malvinas Islands. However, the Argentine government has made efforts to reform national laws by implementing a fine system and collaborating between state institutions to address illegal fishing practices in the Argentine Exclusive Economic Zone.
Center for Latin American & Latino Studies. (2023). The Scope of IUU Fishing-Related Legislation. https://www.american.edu/centers/latin-american-latino-studies/upload/legislation.pdf
Delgado, J. (2024). Argentina Launches Operation Against Chinese IUU Fishing. Dialogo Americas. https://dialogo-americas.com/articles/argentina-launches-operation-against-chinese-iuu-fishing/
Hosch, G., Miller, N. A., Yvergniaux, Y., Young, E., & Huntington, T. (2023). IUU safe havens or PSMA ports: A global assessment of port State performance and risk. Marine Policy, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105751
IISD. (2024). International Day for the Fight against Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing 2024. https://sdg.iisd.org/events/international-day-for-the-fight-against-illegal-unreported-and-unregulated-fishing-2024/
Ismadi. (2022). Implementasikan Perikanan Berkelanjutan, Indonesia Ratifikasi PSMA. Nusantara Maritim News. https://maritimenews.id/implementasikan-perikanan-berkelanjutan-indonesia-ratifikasi-psma/
Kurylo, B. (2024). Economic and Environmental Consequences of Illegal Fishing in Asia. Earth ORG.
Lamont, C. (2021). Research methods in international relations. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://in.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/120704_book_item_120704.pdf
Lexy, J. M. (2005). Metode penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Rosda Karya.
Masriyantika, J. (2017). Kendala dalam Prosedur dan Pelaksanaan Pasal 73 ayat (3) UNCLOS 1982 terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Perikanan (Illegal Fishing) di Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia. Jurnal Untan.
Meere, F., & Lack, M. (2008). Assessment of impacts of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the Asia-Pacific. In Prepared by Sustainable Fisheries Management for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (Issue November).
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, I. T. and W. A. R. (2021). Inter-ministerial work for the control of illegal fishing in the Argentine Exclusive Economic Zone. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship Argentine Republic. https://cancilleria.gob.ar/en/inter-ministerial-work-control-illegal-fishing-argentine-exclusive-economic-zone
Safira, W., & Sandela, I. (2023). Analysis of Judges’ Decisions on Criminal Sanctions for Illegal Fishing Recidivists: (Study of Sinabang District Court Decision Number 7/Pid.Sus/2022/PN Snb jo 28/Pid.Sus/2016/PN Snb). POLICY, LAW, NOTARY AND REGULATORY ISSUES, 2(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.55047/polri.v2i2.616
Suhaidi, Rosmalinda, Alhayyan, R., & Tarigan, V. C. E. (2022). Implementation of illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing policies in North Sumatera Province. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2086282
Sumaila, U. R., Alder, J., & Keith, H. (2006). Global scope and economics of illegal fishing. Marine Policy, 30(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2005.11.001
Swastiwi, A. W., & Putri, O. S. (2023). Efesiensi UNCLOS 1982 Dalam Penegakan Hukum Illegal Fishing: Studi Kasus Kapal Negara Vietnam di Laut Natuna Utara. Jurnal Archipelago, 2(1), 54–60.
Widjaja, S., Long, T., Wirajuda, H., Van As, H., Bergh, P. E., Brett, A., Copeland, D., Fernandez, M., Gusman, A., Juwana, S., Ruchimat, T., Trent, S., & Wilcox, C. (2023). Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing and Associated Drivers. In The Blue Compendium: From Knowledge to Action for a Sustainable Ocean Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16277-0_15
