Legal and Psychological Aspects of Bank Interest from the Maqashid Sharia Perspective
M. Ainul Muwwafiq*
Muhamad Qustulani
Bank interest, due to its similarity to usury, is prohibited in Islamic law, and its increasing burden often triggers financial stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among debtors. The rise of digital loans with quick access but high interest rates trap borrowers in long-term debt cycles, as many overlook the lasting financial obligations. This study analyzes the legal and psychological aspects of bank interest from the perspective of maqashid sharia. It uses qualitative library research, focusing on literature review as the main source of analysis. The findings highlight a close interconnection between the legal and psychological dimensions of bank interest within the maqasid sharia framework. Legally, bank interest is classified as riba nasi’ah, undermining hifz al-mal (preservation of wealth) by fostering injustice, financial exploitation, and weakening social solidarity. Fatwas from the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and the majority of scholars affirm its prohibition, with Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) imposing an absolute ban and Muhammadiyah emphasizing injustice as the underlying cause. Psychologically, interest-bearing debt generates stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms that threaten hifz al-nafs (preservation of life) and hifz al-’aql (preservation of intellect), creating cycles of helplessness and emotional instability affecting individuals and families. This interplay shows that the prohibition of bank interest in Islam is not merely normative but functions as a socio-psychological protection mechanism, establishing a financial system that is fair on both legal and psychological grounds.
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