The Relationship Between Family Support with Self-Care for People with Diabetes Mellitus
Main Article Content
Asnuddin*
Regidor III Dioso
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that requires long-term management, and family support plays an important role in helping patients perform self-care. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family support and self-care in people with diabetes mellitus. Using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, the study involved a population of 147 diabetes mellitus patients, with 60 respondents selected through the Slovin Formula. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with the Chi-Square test. The findings showed a significant relationship between family support and self-care in people with diabetes mellitus (P-value = 0.001). Patients who received high levels of family support were more disciplined in controlling their diet, engaging in physical activity, maintaining personal hygiene, and adhering to medication. These results indicate that family support significantly influences self-care abilities in people with diabetes mellitus, and thus, health workers should involve families in diabetes management programs to improve the effectiveness of patient care. Family members can help monitor the patient's health, provide emotional support, and reinforce positive health behaviors, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes for the patient. Given these findings, healthcare providers should consider incorporating family-centered care into diabetes management programs to improve patient compliance, reduce the burden of disease, and enhance the overall quality of care.
Ageru, T. A., Le, C. N., Wattanapisit, A., Woticha, E. W., Truong, N. T., Stanikzai, M. H., Abiso, T. L., & Suwanbamrung, C. (2024). Diabetes self-care intervention strategies and their effectiveness in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 19(10), e0305860. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305860
Al-Dwaikat, T. N., Ali, A. M., & Khatatbeh, H. (2023). Self-Management Social Support in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Concept Analysis. Nursing Forum, 2023, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1753982
Beltran, J., Valli, C., Medina-Aedo, M., Canelo-Aybar, C., Niño de Guzmán, E., Song, Y., Orrego, C., Ballester, M., Suñol, R., Noordman, J., Heijmans, M., Seitidis, G., Tsokani, S., Kontouli, K.-M., Christogiannis, C., Mavridis, D., Graaf, G. de, Groene, O., Grammatikopoulou, M. G., … Alonso-Coello, P. (2024). COMPAR-EU Recommendations on Self-Management Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Healthcare, 12(4), 483. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12040483
Chen, W.-J., & Lin, L.-Y. (2025). The Impact of Diabetes Self-Care, Healthy Lifestyle, Social Support, and Demographic Variables on Outcomes HbA1c in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Clinical Medicine Insights: Endocrinology and Diabetes, 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/11795514251331907
Chowdhury, H. A., Harrison, C. L., Siddiquea, B. N., Tissera, S., Afroz, A., Ali, L., Joham, A. E., & Billah, B. (2024). The effectiveness of diabetes self-management education intervention on glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk in adults with type 2 diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 19(2), e0297328. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297328
Diriba, D. C., Leung, D. Y. P., & Suen, L. K. P. (2023). Effects of family-based diabetes self-management education and support programme on support behaviour amongst adults with type 2 diabetes in Western Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 20867. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48049-w
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., Perry, M. Lou, Prahalad, P., Pratley, R. E., Seley, J. J., Stanton, R. C., & Gabbay, R. A. (2023). 1. Improving Care and Promoting Health in Populations: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement_1), S10–S18. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S001
Feng, Y., Zhao, Y., Mao, L., Gu, M., Yuan, H., Lu, J., Zhang, Q., Zhao, Q., & Li, X. (2023). The Effectiveness of an eHealth Family-Based Intervention Program in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Community Via WeChat: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 11, e40420. https://doi.org/10.2196/40420
Filani, A. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap dengan Perilaku Self Care pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 Selama Pandemi di Desa Kalianget Barat. Universitas Wiraraja.
Fitzpatrick, R., Pant, S., Li, J., Ritterman, R., Adenikinju, D., Iloegbu, C., Pateña, J., Vieira, D., Gyamfi, J., & Peprah, E. (2023). Implementation of non-insulin-dependent diabetes self-management education (DSME) in LMICs: a systematic review of cost, adoption, acceptability, and fidelity in resource-constrained settings. Frontiers in Health Services, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2023.1155911
Gebeyaw, E. D., & Lema, G. D. (2025). Gender based difference in glycemic control and diabetes related chronic complications among type 2 diabetic patients in Debre Berhan city public hospitals. Metabolism Open, 25, 100349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metop.2025.100349
Hanlon, P., Bryson, I., Morrison, H., Rafiq, Q., Boehmer, K., Gionfriddo, M. R., Gallacher, K., May, C., Montori, V., Lewsey, J., McAllister, D. A., & Mair, F. S. (2021). Self-management interventions for Type 2 Diabetes: systematic review protocol focusing on patient workload and capacity support. Wellcome Open Research, 6, 257. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17238.1
Hondro, H. S., Karota, E., Tanjung, R., Lubis, Z., & Nasution, S. Z. (2025). The Effect of Self-Care Behavior on Blood Glucose Control Levels Among Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v7i5.6937
Kanny, S., Hall, L., Blackhurst, D., & Sherrill, W. W. (2025). Community-based diabetes self-management and support program: addressing quality of life and social vulnerability. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 1538. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22627-1
Kautzky-Willer, A., Leutner, M., & Harreiter, J. (2023). Sex differences in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, 66(6), 986–1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05891-x
Kerr, D., Ahn, D., Waki, K., Wang, J., Breznen, B., & Klonoff, D. C. (2024). Digital Interventions for Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e55757. https://doi.org/10.2196/55757
Lee, E. Y., Cha, S.-A., Yun, J.-S., Lim, S.-Y., Lee, J.-H., Ahn, Y.-B., Yoon, K.-H., Hyun, M. K., & Ko, S.-H. (2022). Efficacy of Personalized Diabetes Self-care Using an Electronic Medical Record–Integrated Mobile App in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(7), e37430. https://doi.org/10.2196/37430
Magaji, H. Y., Olawumi, A. L., Ogunyele, T. T., Umar, A. I., Michael, G. C., & Grema, B. A. (2024). Influence of Family Function on Self-care Practice among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in a Primary Care Clinic in Northern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 21(2), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_3_24
Mesylis, V., Zainal, S., & Sabil, F. A. (2025). Hubungan Self Care Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pampang Kota Makassar. JIMPK : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa & Penelitian Keperawatan, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.35892/jimpk.v5i3.2007
Opoku, R., Ackon, S. K., Kumah, E., Botchwey, C. O.-A., Appiah, N. E., Korsah, S., & Peprah, M. (2023). Self-care behaviors and associated factors among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Ghana: a systematic review. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 23(1), 256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01508-x
Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J. K., Cypress, M., Funnell, M. M., Harms, D., Hess-Fischl, A., Hooks, B., Isaacs, D., Mandel, E. D., Maryniuk, M. D., Norton, A., Rinker, J., Siminerio, L. M., & Uelmen, S. (2020). Diabetes Self-management Education and Support in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Acad. The Diabetes Educator, 46(4), 350–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721720930959
Puig-García, M., Caicedo-Montaño, C., Márquez-Figueroa, M., Chilet-Rosell, E., Montalvo-Villacis, G., Benazizi-Dahbi, I., Peralta, A., Torres-Castillo, A. L., & Parker, L. A. (2023). Prevalence and gender disparities of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Esmeraldas, Ecuador: a population-based survey in a hard-to-reach setting. International Journal for Equity in Health, 22(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-023-01939-x
Sihotang, E. M., Tini, & Purwanto, E. (2023). The Relationship between Family Support and Self-Care Behavior on Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Formosa Journal of Science and Technology, 2(5), 1243–1262. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v2i5.4027
Song, Y., Beltran Puerta, J., Medina-Aedo, M., Canelo-Aybar, C., Valli, C., Ballester, M., Rocha, C., Garcia, M. L., Salas-Gama, K., Kaloteraki, C., Santero, M., Niño de Guzmán, E., Spoiala, C., Gurung, P., Willemen, F., Cools, I., Bleeker, J., Poortvliet, R., Laure, T., … Heijmans, M. (2023). Self-Management Interventions for Adults Living with Type II Diabetes to Improve Patient-Important Outcomes: An Evidence Map. Healthcare, 11(24), 3156. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11243156
Wardhani, E. S., Junita, D. E., Wati, D. A., & Khairani, M. D. (2025). The Relationship Between Age and Blood Sugar Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatient at Wonogiri Health Center, North Lampung in 2024. INDOGENIUS, 4(1), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.56359/igj.v4i1.459
Werner, J. J., Ufholz, K., & Yamajala, P. (2024). Recent Findings on the Effectiveness of Peer Support for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports, 18(5), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12170-024-00737-6
WHO. (2024). Global Report on Diabetes. WHO Press.
