TRANSFORMATIONAL LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, AND TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW IN LEARNING

The Effect of Using the iPusnas App (Digital Library) on Literacy Skills and Learning Outcomes of Year 11 Economics Students at SMA Negeri 8 Kupang

2026-04-01T05:26:10+00:00

This investigation was precipitated by the deficient literacy competencies and suboptimal academic attainment observed among eleventh-grade students in Economics at SMA Negeri 8 Kupang. The study sought to ascertain the magnitude of influence exerted by the utilization of the iPusnas application on students' literacy proficiencies and scholastic outcomes in Economics at the aforementioned institution. The inquiry employed a quantitative paradigm underpinned by a survey-based design. The aggregate population encompassed 105 eleventh-grade students, from which a cohort of 83 respondents was delineated through proportional random sampling. Empirical data were garnered via systematic observation, structured questionnaire dissemination, and documentary corroboration. Analytical procedures were executed through Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), operationalized through SmartPLS 4 software, encompassing the rigorous appraisal of both the outer and inner measurement constructs. The findings substantiated that the deployment of the iPusnas application exerted a positive and statistically consequential influence on students' literacy competencies. Concomitantly, literacy proficiency was found to bear a positive and significant bearing on academic attainment. Moreover, the utilization of the iPusnas application was independently corroborated to yield a positive and significant bearing on scholastic outcomes. Collectively, these findings affirm that the integration of the iPusnas application constitutes a demonstrably efficacious intervention in augmenting both literacy competencies and academic performance in the domain of Economics.

Improving the Poetry Writing Skills of Year 10 Culinary Students Through the Imaginative Suggestion Method at SMKN 1 Bojonegoro

2026-04-28T03:00:46+00:00

The skills of writing poetry is one of the basic competencies of Indonesian language taught in vocational schools. Based on observations and interviews conducted during the SFI at SMKN 1 Bojonegoro, students have difficulty writing poetry in terms of structural aspects, due to the use of methods and media that are less engaging, which leads to limitations in ideas and imagination. As a result, the average student score remains below the MPM of 75. This study aims to: (1) describe the application of the suggestion-imagination method, (2) examine the improvement of poetry writing skills, and (3) analyze student responses toward poetry writing learning, all conducted in Class X-Culinary 1 at SMKN 1 Bojonegoro through the suggestion-imagination method using song video clips by Moch. Arifin. This study uses the design of Kemmis and Mc. Taggart CAR models in two cycles with the subject of students X-Culinary 1 SMKN 1 Bojonegoro. The data collected consists of the activities of teacher and students, the value of poetry writing skills, and responses of students. The results showed that the activity of teacher increased from cycle I (75) to Cycle II (89), while students increased from cycle I (74) to Cycle II (88). The value of students increased from cycle I (72.84) to Cycle II (83.20) with a percentage of 80% completeness. Students give a positive response 90% with the category of strongly agree. This study concluded that the method of imagination suggestion with video clips of songs can improve students ' poetry writing skills.

The Exploration of Interlocutors and Technological Support Systems on Student’s Speaking Skill Development

2026-05-25T02:32:45+00:00

Speaking skill development remains a major challenge for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners due to limited opportunities for authentic communication, and insufficient speaking practice. This study explored the roles of interlocutors and technological support systems in supporting students’ speaking development at IAIN Langsa. The participants were five English department students at IAIN Langsa. They were selected through purposive sampling based on their experiences in classroom interaction, online communication, and technology-assisted speaking practice. This study employed an exploratory qualitative design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and forum group discussion and analyzed using thematic analysis, including coding, categorization, theme development, and interpretation. The findings indicate that interaction with classmates, online speaking partners, and interlocutors contributed significantly to students’ fluency, spontaneity, and communicative adaptability. Technological tools such as WhatsApp, YouTube, and ELSA Speak supported autonomous learning, pronunciation improvement, and communication confidence through repeated exposure and continuous practice. Despite these benefits, participants continued to face challenges related to speaking anxiety, limited vocabulary, and inconsistent opportunities for speaking practice. The study concludes that speaking development is enhanced when authentic communicative interaction is integrated with technology-assisted learning environments. The findings suggest that EFL instructors should design interaction-rich learning activities and incorporate supportive digital technologies to foster more effective and sustainable speaking development.

Violence and the Irony of Modern Humanity in Don Baker’s Formal Application

2026-02-10T04:27:02+00:00

The twentieth century witnessed an unprecedented normalization of violence, as global conflicts, technological advancements in warfare, and bureaucratic systems of destruction reshaped the way societies understood cruelty and moral responsibility. This study analyzes Don Baker’s poem Formal Application as a literary critique of modern humanity and the normalization of violence in the twentieth century. Written in the historical context of World War II, the poem employs irony, symbolism, and vivid imagery to challenge the concept of “Modern Man” as a figure of progress and rationality. Using a qualitative descriptive method and close textual analysis, this study examines the poem’s narrative progression, poetic form, and use of historical allusions to reveal how violence is gradually learned, justified, and disguised through euphemistic language. The findings indicate that Baker deliberately contrasts bureaucratic civility with acts of cruelty to expose moral detachment and the erosion of empathy. Furthermore, the betrayal and killing of birds symbolize humanity’s destructive relationship with both nature and other human beings. The poem’s allusions to World War II, including references to technological warfare and ideological slogans, reinforce its condemnation of modern civilization’s ethical decline. This study concludes that Formal Application not only reflects the brutality of its historical moment but also offers a broader warning about the dangers of normalizing violence in everyday life. The findings contribute to literary studies on war poetry by highlighting the intersection of personal action, institutional violence, and moral responsibility in modern society.

Forms of Address as Markers of Hierarchical Relations in Japanese and Indonesian Workplace Culture: A Contrastive Sociopragmatic Analysis

2026-03-23T01:17:00+00:00

Language use is deeply embedded in social structures, with address terms serving as key markers of power relations, social distance, and politeness in interpersonal communication. In workplace settings, the choice of address terms reflects and reinforces hierarchical relations, yet the extent to which cultural norms shape this system varies across societies. This study examines the use of address terms as markers of hierarchical relations in Japanese and Indonesian workplace cultures through a contrastive sociopragmatic approach. The data were collected from professional interactions both formal and semi‑formal in workplace settings in Japan and Indonesia, complemented by observations and document analysis. The analysis focuses on the types of address terms, their social functions, politeness strategies, and the influence of cultural norms and interpersonal distance on their selection. The findings reveal that in Japanese workplace culture, occupational titles (such as buchō and kachō) and the systematic use of keigo including sonkeigo, kenjōgo, and teineigo serve to reinforce hierarchical structures and maintain workplace harmony (wa), often through negative politeness strategies that protect the superior’s “face.” In contrast, Indonesian workplace interactions employ address terms such as Bapak, Ibu, Pak, Bu, Mas, and Mbak to express respect and politeness, but with greater flexibility influenced by interpersonal closeness and local cultural norms. While both cultures use address terms to signal hierarchy and maintain politeness, Japanese practices are more formal and consistent, whereas Indonesian practices are more adaptable and egalitarian. This study contributes to cross‑cultural sociolinguistic research and offers insights for effective professional communication in multicultural work environments.