Exploring The Impact of Integrating Problem Based Learning and Agile in the Classroom on Critical Thinking
Main Article Content
Madziatul Churiyah*
Mohammad Arief
Sigit Permansyah
The purpose of this study was to improve critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes at SMK Negeri 1 Probolinggo through the implementation of problem-based learning models. This type of research is classroom action research which consists of 2 cycles where each cycle has 2 meetings. This research has two types of data, namely quantitative data and qualitative data. Obtaining research data obtained through initial observation, interviews with teachers and students, tests at the end of the cycle, documentation, and field notes. Data analysis is done by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the problem-based learning process is used to stimulate critical thinking in problem-oriented situations. The researcher was assisted by 3 observers who observed the course of the learning process. Students' critical thinking skills on the indicators of managing strategies and tactics obtain a high percentage because the giving of actions is carried out by utilizing media. Genially with gamification features so that they affect learning outcomes which experience an increase in each cycle.
Affandy, H., Aminah, N. S., & Supriyanto, A. (2019). The correlation of character education with critical thinking skills as an important attribute to success in the 21st century. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1153, 012132. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1153/1/012132
Aini, N. R., Syafril, S., Netriwati, N., Pahrudin, A., Rahayu, T., & Puspasari, V. (2019). Problem-Based Learning for Critical Thinking Skills in Mathematics. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1155, 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1155/1/012026
Alpizar, D., Vo, T., French, B. F., & Hand, B. (2022). Growth of critical thinking skills in middle school immersive science learning environments. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46, 101192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101192
Arikunto, S., Suhardjono, & Supardi. (2017). Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Revisi). Bumi Aksara.
Ariyanto, S. R., Lestari, I. W. P., Hasanah, S. U., Rahmah, L., & Purwanto, D. V. (2020). Problem Based Learning dan Argumentation Sebagai Solusi dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMK. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Kajian Kepustakaan di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran, 6(2), 197. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v6i2.2522
Astuti, A. D., Rahmawati, E., Evitasari, A. D., Utaminingtyas, S., & Musyadad, F. (2022). Pendampingan MotivasiI Belajar Melalui Media Genial Pasca Pandemi COVID Pada Siswa SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Wates. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(4), 8.
Azhary, L. (2021). The Implementation of 21st Century Skills (Communication, Collaboration, Creativity and Critical Thinking) in English Lesson Plan at MTsN 6 Agam. 10(4).
Azizah, D. N., Rustaman, N. Y., & Rusyati, L. (2021). Enhancing students’ communication skill by creating infographics using Genially in learning climate change. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1806(1), 012129. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1806/1/012129
Bekiroğlu, D., & Güllühan, N. Ü. (2022). Trends of thinking skills in social studies and life studies courses: A meta-synthesis study. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 45, 101099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101099
Bezanilla, M. J., Fernández-Nogueira, D., Poblete, M., & Galindo-Domínguez, H. (2019). Methodologies for teaching-learning critical thinking in higher education: The teacher’s view. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 33, 100584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2019.100584
Bleijenbergh, I., van Mierlo, J., & Bondarouk, T. (2021). Closing the gap between scholarly knowledge and practice: Guidelines for HRM action research. Human Resource Management Review, 31(2), 100764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.
Borrero, N., & Naidoo, J. (2023). Teachers living the curriculum: Culturally relevant pedagogy and action research. In International Encyclopedia of Education (Fourth Edition) (pp. 357–362). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818630-5.03063-3
Boye, E. S., & Agyei, D. D. (2023). Effectiveness of problem-based learning strategy in improving teaching and learning of mathematics for pre-service teachers in Ghana. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 7(1), 100453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100453
Buchanan, K., Newnham, E., Geraghty, S., & Whitehead, L. (2023). Navigating midwifery solidarity: A feminist participatory action research framework. Women and Birth, 36(1), e169–e174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2022.06.004
Castillo-Cuesta, L. (2022). Using Genially Games for Enhancing EFL Reading and Writing Skills in Online Education. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 21(1), 340–354. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.1.19
Castro-Salinas, D. P., & Ochoa-Encalada, S. C. (2021). Gamificación en el Proceso de Interaprendizaje: Una Experiencia en Biología con Genially. CIENCIAMATRIA, 7(3), 249–272. https://doi.org/10.35381/cm.v7i3.579
Chang, T.-S., Wang, H.-C., Haynes, A. M., Song, M.-M., Lai, S.-Y., & Hsieh, S.-H. (2022). Enhancing student creativity through an interdisciplinary, project-oriented problem-based learning undergraduate curriculum. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46, 101173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101173
Choi, E. (2021). Strategies to Teach Elementary School Students the Principles of Blockchain Technology by Implementing Gamification. İlköğretim Online, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.03.134
Chusni, M. M., Saputro, S., Suranto, & Rahardjo, S. B. (2020). Review of Critical Thinking Skill in Indonesia: Preparation of the 21st Century Learner. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(09). https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.09.223
Cui, R., & Teo, P. (2023). Thinking through talk: Using dialogue to develop students’ critical thinking. Teaching and Teacher Education, 125, 104068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104068
Daryanes, F., Darmadi, D., Fikri, K., Sayuti, I., Rusandi, M. A., & Situmorang, D. D. B. (2023). The development of articulate storyline interactive learning media based on case methods to train student’s problem-solving ability. Heliyon, e15082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15082
Davison, R. M., Dept. of Information Systems, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Martinsons, M. G., Dept. of Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Malaurent, J., & ESSEC Business School, France. (2021). Research Perspectives: Improving Action Research by Integrating Methods. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 22(3), 851–873. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00682
De Souza, R. T. M. P., & Kasseboehmer, A. C. (2022). The Thalidomide Mystery: A Digital Escape Room Using Genially and WhatsApp for High School Students. Journal of Chemical Education, 99(2), 1132–1139. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00955
Dewi, D. T. (2020). Penerapan Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Undiksha, 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpe.v12i1.25317
Dewi, E. H. P., Akbari, S., & Nugroho, A. A. (2019). Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Biologi melalui Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Jatisrono. Journal of Biology Learning, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.32585/.v1i1.251
Dharma, B. A., Tasrikah, N., & Churiyah, M. (2020). Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Towards Learning Outcomes Through Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Ad’ministrare, 7(2), 235. https://doi.org/10.26858/ja.v7i2.15343
Díaz-García, A. K., González-Herrera, S. L., Santiago-Roque, I., Hernández-Lozano, M., & Soto-Ojeda, G. A. (2022). Gamificación a través del uso de la aplicación Genially para innovar procesos de aprendizaje en la Educación Superior.
Díaz-Garrido, E., Martín-Peña, M. L., & García-Magro, C. (2022). Technology-Based Gamification in the Classroom: An Application to Production Management Teaching. In J. R. Saura (Ed.), Advances in Higher Education and Professional Development (pp. 195–205). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4441-2.ch011
Dilekçi, A., & Karatay, H. (2023). The effects of the 21st century skills curriculum on the development of students’ creative thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 47, 101229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101229
Efendi, R., & Mashadi, M. (2020). Pengaruh Personal Selling, dan Slogan Iklan Terhadap Brand Awareness Produk Yakult. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 8(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v8i2.332
Ennis, R. H. (1985). A Logical Basis for Measuring Critical Thinking Skills. Educational Leadership, 43(2), 6.
Fahlevi, M. R. (2022). Studi Literatur: Pemanfaatan Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran Sebagai Upaya untuk Menumbuhkembangkan Number Sense Siswa. LINEAR: Journal of Mathematics Education, 3(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.32332/linear.v3i1.4847
Fatma, N. (2022). Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Genially untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA di SD Muhammadiyah. 3(2).
Fernandes, H. V. J. (2021). From student to tutor: A journey in problem-based learning. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 13(12), 1706–1709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2021.09.037
Hamid, M. A., Ramadhani, R., Masrul, M., Juliana, Safitri, M., Munsarif, M., Jamaludin, J., & Simarmata, J. (2020). Media Pembelajaran. Yayasan Kita Menulis.
Hermita, N., Vebrianto, R., Putra, Z. H., Alim, J. A., Wijaya, T. T., & Sulistiyo, U. (2022). Effectiveness of Gamified Instructional Media to Improve Critical and Creative Thinking Skills in Science Class. Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal, 7(3), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.25046/aj070305
Hotimah, H. (2020). Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bercerita Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Edukasi, 7(3), 5. https://doi.org/10.19184/jukasi.v7i3.21599
Hutapea, R. H. (2019). Instrumen Evaluasi Non-Tes dalam Penilaian Hasil Belajar Ranah Afektif dan Psikomotorik.
Ismail, A., & Gumilar, S. (2019). Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Multimedia Interaktif Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dan Keterampilan Berfikir Kritis Siswa SMK. JURNAL PETIK, 5(2), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.31980/jpetik.v5i2.594
Ismail, N. S., Harun, J., Zakaria, M. A. Z. M., & Salleh, S. Md. (2018). The effect of Mobile problem-based learning application DicScience PBL on students’ critical thinking. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 28, 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.04.002
Juandi, D. (2021). Heterogeneity of problem-based learning outcomes for improving mathematical competence: A systematic literature review. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1722(1), 012108. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1722/1/012108
Juriah, J., & Zulfiani, Z. (2019). Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Berbantuan Media Video untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Konsep Perubahan Lingkungan dan Upaya Pelestarian. EDUSAINS, 11(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15408/es.v11i1.6394
Karlina, E., & Rasam, F. (2020). Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Team Teaching dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil
/jld.v1i1.359
Khoiron, M., Kasdi, A., & Rizki, A. (2021). Development of Digital Social Studies Teaching Materials in The Era of Pandemic Emergency Learning. 4. Belajar Mata Kuliah Matematika Ekonomi di UNINDRA. Research and Development Journal of Education, 6(2), 65. https://doi.org/10.30998/rdje.v6i2.6258
Kartika, I. M., Angga Mahendra, P. R., & Awa, V. (2020). Penerapan Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Ketrampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn. Jurnal Locus Delicti, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.23887
Khoirun Ni’mah, N., Warsiman, W., & Hermiati, T. (2022). Upaya Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Melalui Media Genially dalam Pembelajaran Daring Bahasa Indonesia pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 5 Malang. Jurnal Metamorfosa, 10(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.46244/metamorfosa.v10i1.1731
Kocak, O., Coban, M., Aydin, A., & Cakmak, N. (2021). The mediating role of critical thinking and cooperativity in the 21st century skills of higher education students. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 42, 100967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100967
Li, X., Xie, F., Li, X., Li, G., Chen, X., Lv, J., & Peng, C. (2020). Development, Application, and Evaluation of a Problem-Based Learning Method in Clinical Laboratory Education. Clinica Chimica Acta, 510, 681–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.037
Liu, Y., & Pásztor, A. (2022). Effects of problem-based learning instructional intervention on critical thinking in higher education: A meta-analysis. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 45, 101069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101069
Masrinah, E. N., Aripin, I., & Gaffar, A. A. (2019). Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis. https://prosiding.unma.ac.id/index.php/semnasfkip/article/view/129/126
Montepara, C. A., Woods, A. G., & Wolfgang, K. W. (2021). Problem-Based Learning Case Studies: Delivery of an Educational Method and Perceptions at Two Schools of Pharmacy in Italy. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 13(6), 717–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2021.01.026
Mujumdar, S. B., Acharya, H., & Shirwaikar, S. (2020). Measuring the Effectiveness of PBL Through Shape Parameters and Classification. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 13(1), 342–368. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-08-2018-0175
Mulyani, S. (2020). Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Guna Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Di Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Navigation Physics: Journal of Physics Education, 2(2), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.30998/npjpe.v2i2.489
Nadya, L., & Santoso, R. (2022). Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa: Sebuah Action Research. Aksiologi: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial, 3(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.47134/aksiologi.v3i1.121
Noer, R. Z., Al Wahid, S. M., & Febriyanti, R. (2021). Online lectures: An implementation of full e-learning action research. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v9i1.35030
Nurfaizah, N., Putro, K. Z., & Tejaningrum, D. (2022). Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Strategi Pembelajaran (Studi Kasus STPI Yogyakarta). Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpipfip.v15i1.41689
Nurrohma, R. I., & Adistana, G. A. Y. P. (2021). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dengan Media E-Learning Melalui Aplikasi Edmodo Pada Mekanika Teknik. EDUKATIF: JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN, 3(4), 1199–1209. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i4.544
Nuryadin, M.-. (2021). Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Motivasi melalui Pemberian Pekerjaan Rumah untuk Pencapaian Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa. Vidya Karya, 36(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.20527/jvk.v36i1.10594
Okolie, U. C., Elom, E. N., Igwe, P. A., Binuomote, M. O., Nwajiuba, C. A., & Igu, N. C. N. (2020). Improving Graduate Outcomes: Implementation of Problem-Based Learning in TVET Systems of Nigerian Higher Education. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 11(1), 92–110. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-12-2018-0140
Oktaviani, C., Nurmaliah, C., & Mahidin, M. (2019). Upaya Pengembangan Psikomotorik Peserta Didik Melalui Implementasi Problem Based Learning. JURNAL SERAMBI ILMU, 20(2), 202. https://doi.org/10.32672/si.v20i2.1454
O’Reilly, C., Devitt, A., & Hayes, N. (2022). Critical thinking in the preschool classroom—A systematic literature review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46, 101110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101110
Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T., Kwon, K., Brush, T. A., Karlin, M., Jeon, M., Jantaraweragul, K., Guo, M., Nadir, H., Gok, F., & Bhattacharya, P. (2021). The impact of an issue-centered problem-based learning curriculum on 6th grade girls’ understanding of and interest in computer science. Computers and Education Open, 2, 100057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2021.100057
Pannekoeke, L., Knudsen, S. A. S., Kambe, M., Vae, K. J. U., & Dahl, H. (2023). Ongoing training and peer feedback in simulation-based learning for local faculty development: A participation action research study. Nurse Education Today, 124, 105768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105768
Paradina, D., Connie, C., & Medriati, R. (2019). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa di Kelas X. Jurnal Kumparan Fisika, 2(3), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.33369/jkf.2.3.169-176
Patimapat, M., Duda, H. J., & Supiandi, M. I. (2019). Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri terbimbing Melalui Metode Demonstrasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Psikomotorik Siswa. JPBIO (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi), 4(1), 09–20. https://doi.org/10.31932/jpbio.v4i1.366
Pebriyani, E. P., & Pahlevi, T. (2020). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Mata Pelajaran Kearsipan Kelas X OTKP Di SMK Negeri 1 Sooko Mojokerto. Jurnal Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran (JPAP), 8(1), 47–55. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpap.v8n1.p47-55
Peng, Z., Wang, M., & Li, F. (2023). A learning-based projection method for model order reduction of transport problems. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 418, 114560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2022.114560
Perusso, A., & Baaken, T. (2020). Assessing the Authenticity of Cases, Internships and Problem-Based Learning as Managerial Learning Experiences: Concepts, ethods and Lessons for Practice. The International Journal of Management Education, 18(3), 100425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100425
Pramestika, N. P. D., Wulandari, I. G. A. A., & Sujana, I. W. (2020). Enhancement of Mathematics Critical Thinking Skills through Problem Based Learning Assisted with Concrete Media. Journal of Education Technology, 4(3), 254. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v4i3.25552
Rachmawati, N. Y., & Rosy, B. (2020). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Pemecahan Masalah pada Mata Pelajaran Administrasi Umum Kelas X OTKP di SMK Negeri 10 Surabaya. Jurnal Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran (JPAP), 9(2), 246–259. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpap.v9n2.p246-259
Rahayu, I., Nuryani, P., & Hermawan, R. (2019). Penerapan Model PBL untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Pada Pelajaran IPS.
Ramadhan, I. (2021). Penggunaan Metode Problem Based Learning dalam meningkatkan keaktifan belajar siswa pada kelas XI IPS 1. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(3), 358–369. https://doi.org/10.37329/cetta.v4i3.1352
Reina-Guzmán, N. D., Sandoval-Parra, K. X., Ortiz-Moreno, M. L., & Guerrero, S. C. (2022). Gamification in the microbiology classroom for biology students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Entramado, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.1.7674
Saekawati, R., & Nasrudin, H. (2021). Effectiveness of Guided Inquiry-Based on Blended Learning in Improving Critical Thinking Skills. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan, 14(1), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpipfip.v14i1.36947
Safrida, M., & Kistian, A. (2020). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Kelas V SD Negeri Peureumeue Kecamatan Kaway XVI. 7(1), 13.
Saleh, S. E. (2019). Critical Thinking as a 21st Century Skill: Conceptions, Implementation and Challenges in the EFL Classroom. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.2542838
Sandberg, Y., & Fröjdendahl, B. (2023). Perspectives of the degree project: Small-scale action research in Swedish higher education. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 7(1), 100429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100429
Satwika, Y. W., Laksmiwati, H., & Khoirunnisa, R. N. (2018). Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Mahasiswa. Jurnal Pendidikan (Teori Dan Praktik), 3(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.26740/jp.v3n1.p7-12
Seibert, S. A. (2021). Problem-Based Learning: A Strategy to Foster Generation Z’s Critical Thinking and Perseverance. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 16(1), 85–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2020.09.002
Seki, N., Sireerat, K., Foxton, R., Liao, S.-R., & Morio, I. (2023). Critical thinking education for dental schools in Asia: Perceptions of educators. Journal of Dental Sciences, 18(1), 443–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2022.08.024
Septian, A., & Komala, E. (2019). Kemampuan Koneksi Matematika dan Motivasi Belajar Siswa dengan Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Geogebra di SMP. PRISMA, 8(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.35194/jp.v8i1.438
Sharma, S., Saragih, I. D., Tarihoran, D. E. T. A. U., & Chou, F.-H. (2023). Outcomes of problem-based learning in nurse education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Education Today, 120, 105631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105631
Sholihah, T. M., & Lastariwati, B. (2020). Problem based learning to increase competence of critical thinking and problem solving. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 14(1), 148–154. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v14i1.13772
Silberman, D., Carpenter, R., Takemoto, J. K., & Coyne, L. (2021). The impact of team-based learning on the critical thinking skills of pharmacy students. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 13(2), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2020.09.008
Simamora, D. F., & Manurung, H. M. (2021). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Model During Pandemic on The Thematic Learning Outcomes of Students In Elementary School. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(5), 3073–3088. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i5.1242
Sitinjak, L., & Banurea, J. S. (2022). Analisis Interaksi Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan Berpikir Kritis Terhadap Pemecahan Masalah. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 11(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.24114/jpf.v11i1.35612
Sivaci, S., & Altaş, B. (2023). The effect of critical thinking dispositions and democratic values of pre-service EFL teachers on their multicultural self-efficacy: A structural equation modeling approach. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 47, 101221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101221
Suarbawa, I. P. (2019). Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Pada Mata Pembelajaran Corel Draw untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar di Ranah Psikomotor. Indonesian Journal Of Educational Research and Review, 2(2), 162. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v2i2.17624
Supriatna, E. (2020). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa. Journal of Classroom Action Research, 2(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.29303/jcar.v2i1.398
Supriyatno, T., Susilawati, S., & Ahdi, H. (2020). E-learning development in improving students’ critical thinking ability. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(5), 1099–1106. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v15i5.5154
Tapia-Machuca, R. L., García-Herrera, D. G., Cárdenas-Cordero, N. M., & Erazo-Álvarez, J. C. (2020). Genially Como una Herramienta Didáctica para Desarrollar la Redacción Creativa en Estudiantes de Bachillerato. CIENCIAMATRIA, 6(3), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.35381/cm.v6i3.389
Thorndahl, K. L., & Stentoft, D. (2020). Thinking Critically About Critical Thinking and Problem-Based Learning in Higher Education: A Scoping Review. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.14434/ijpbl.v14i1.28773
Ting, K.-H., Cheng, C.-T., & Ting, H.-Y. (2021). Introducing the problem/project based learning as a learning strategy in University Social Responsibility Program—A study of local revitalization of Coastal Area, Yong-An District of Kaohsiung City. Marine Policy, 131, 104546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104546
Ulger, K. (2018). The Effect of Problem-Based Learning on the Creative Thinking and Critical Thinking Disposition of Students in Visual Arts Education. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.7771/1541-5015.1649
Uliyandari, M., Emilia Candrawati, Anna Ayu Herawati, & Nurlia Latipah. (2021). Problem-Based Learning to Improve Concept Understanding and Critical Thinking Ability of Science Education Undergraduate Students. IJORER: International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 2(1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v2i1.56
Vidergor, H. E. (2021). Effects of Digital Escape Room on Gameful Experience, Collaboration, and Motivation of Elementary School Students. Computers & Education, 166, 104156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104156
Wallace, B., Knudson, D., & Gheidi, N. (2020). Incorporating problem-based learning with direct instruction improves student learning in undergraduate biomechanics. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27, 100258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100258
Wang, J. C., & Wang, T. H. (2023). Learning effectiveness of energy education in junior high schools: Implementation of action research and the predict–observe–explain model to STEM course. Heliyon, 9(3), e14058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14058
Wosinski, J., Belcher, A. E., Dürrenberger, Y., Allin, A.-C., Stormacq, C., & Gerson, L. (2018). Facilitating problem-based learning among undergraduate nursing students: A qualitative systematic review. Nurse Education Today, 60, 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.08.015
Wulansari, B., Hanik, N. R., & Nugroho, A. A. (2019). Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) disertai Mind Mapping untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Tawangsari. Journal of Biology Learning, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.32585/.v1i1.250
Yulianti, E., & Gunawan, I. (2019). Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL): Efeknya Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep dan Berpikir Kritis. Indonesian Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2(3), 399–408. https://doi.org/10.24042/ijsme.v2i3.4366
Yunitasari, I., & Hardini, A. T. A. (2021). Penerapan Model PBL Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Peserta Didik Dalam Pembelajaran Daring Di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(4), 1700–1708. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i4.983
Zebua, Y. (2021). Kesiapan Pelaksanaan Praktik Kerja Industri Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Bangunan IKIP Gunungsitoli. Jurnal Review Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 4(1), 216–220. https://doi.org/10.31004/jrpp.v4i1.2144
Zhang, Y., Bian, Y., Wu, H., Tang, W., & Li, Q. (2023). Intuition or rationality: Impact of critical thinking dispositions on the cognitive processing of creative information. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 48, 101278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101278









