Evaluation of Health Screening for Hajj Pilgrims at Hajj Dormitory in Preventing the Spread of Infectious Diseases
Main
Ade Triana Widowati*
Lina Fitria Astari
Alvi Milliana
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pneumonia caused by a new type of coronavirus, named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The risk of spreading infectious diseases during Hajj is very high, given the mass migration of pilgrims from different countries. In the process of receiving pilgrims at the Sukolilo Hajj Dormitory in Surabaya, efforts to screen for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases are carried out by monitoring temperature using a thermal scanner. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of health screening of pilgrims at the Sukolilo Surabaya Hajj Dormitory in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, especially COVID-19. In addition, this study identifies factors that influence pilgrims' compliance with screening procedures as well as policy implications in improving health surveillance in the future. This study used a descriptive method with an observational approach to assess the health screening process of pilgrims arriving at the Sukolilo Hajj Dormitory in Surabaya in 2024. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling technique, involving pilgrims who had a body temperature ≥37.5°C or experienced respiratory symptoms. The results showed that most pilgrims who underwent body temperature screening and follow-up examinations complied with the established procedures. However, several factors were found to influence compliance, such as the level of understanding of the importance of screening, fear of the swab procedure, and post-travel fatigue factors. In this case, education provided by health workers is proven to increase pilgrims' compliance with the screening.
Abdelfatah Alhoot, M., YM Mai, M., Purwitasari, N., K Gunasekaran, K., Shamsul Rodzi, N. I., Nasrin Kader Mohideen, Z., & Bin Mohammad Mazli, M. A. (2023). Meta-Analysis Study: Nasopharyngeal Swabs Are More Sensitive Than Oropharyngeal Swabs In The Detection Of The Viral Genome Of SARS-CoV-2. Mosul Journal of Nursing, 11(1), 97–103. https://doi.org/10.33899/mjn.2023.176962
Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Lee, S.-S., & Memish, Z. A. (2024). Emergence of invasive meningococcal disease during Hajj pilgrimage–vigilance and preparedness, in the post-pandemic year. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107092
Almaghaslah, D., Kandasamy, G., Almanasef, M., Vasudevan, R., & Chandramohan, S. (2020). Review on the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic: its outbreak and current status. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 74(11), e13637. https://doi.org/10.53555/as.v9i5.5721
Atzler, F., Dahms, F., Paul, G., & Perisic, S. (2024). The swab site of the upper airways influences the diagnostic sensitivity for the omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2. Journal of Medical Virology, 96(1), e29390. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.29390
Budiarto, E., & Anggraeni, D. (2003). Pengantar epidemiologi edisi 2. Jakarta: EGC.
Chen, G. H., Liu, Z., Yu, K. J., Coghill, A. E., Chen, X. X., Xie, S. H., Lin, D. F., Huang, Q. H., Lu, Y. Q., & Ling, W. (2022). Utility of Epstein–Barr virus DNA in nasopharynx swabs as a reflex test to triage seropositive individuals in nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening programs. Clinical Chemistry, 68(7), 953–962. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvac032
Coudeville, L., Amiche, A., Rahman, A., Arino, J., Tang, B., Jollivet, O., Dogu, A., Thommes, E., & Wu, J. (2022). Disease transmission and mass gatherings: a case study on meningococcal infection during Hajj. BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(1), 275. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07234-4
Haseeb, A., Saleem, Z., Faidah, H. S., Saati, A. A., AlQarni, A., Iqbal, M. S., Alghamdi, S., Elrggal, M. E., AlGethamy, M., & Radwan, R. M. (2023). Threat of antimicrobial resistance among pilgrims with infectious diseases during Hajj: lessons learnt from COVID-19 pandemic. Antibiotics, 12(8), 1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12081299
Hoang, V.-T., Gautret, P., Memish, Z. A., & Al-Tawfiq, J. A. (2020). Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings and COVID-19 infection. Current Tropical Medicine Reports, 7(4), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40475-020-00218-X
Huber, M., Schreiber, P. W., Scheier, T., Audigé, A., Buonomano, R., Rudiger, A., Braun, D. L., Eich, G., Keller, D. I., & Hasse, B. (2021). High efficacy of saliva in detecting SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in adults and children. Microorganisms, 9(3), 642. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.01.20241778
Jangi, S. R. H. (2023). A brief overview on COVID-19 and its comparison with SARS, MERS, and H1N1. Qeios, 25 May, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.32388/sp6ysu
Junita, P., Raisah, P., & Zahara, H. (2023). Efforts To Prevent Cross-Infection In The Dental Clinic During The Covid 19 Pandemic At The Patek Health Center, Aceh Jaya Regency. PHARMACOLOGY, MEDICAL REPORTS, ORTHOPEDIC, AND ILLNESS DETAILS, 2(2), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.55047/comorbid.v2i2.1108
Kawasi, A., Sujatnika, D. A., & Tabrani, M. D. (2024). Haji dan Kesehatan Masyarakat: Mengatasi Tantangan Pencegahan dan Pengelolaan Penyakit Menular. Dedikasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 17(1), 29–56. https://doi.org/10.32678/dedikasi.v17i1.11028
Larsen, K. D., Jensen, M. M., Homøe, A.-S., Arndal, E., Samuelsen, G. B., Koch, A., Nielsen, X. C., Homøe, P., & Todsen, T. (2023). Head-to-head comparison of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing. Diagnostics, 13(2), 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020283
Marampa, L., & Odilaricha, Y. C. (2021). Pengaruh Edukasi Tentang Protokol Kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19 pada Anak Usia 10-12 Tahun di SD Frater Bakti Luhur Penelitian Eksperimental.
Maulida, M. R. (2022). Implementasi penetapan harga Swab Antigen pada masa Pandemi Covid-19 menurut UU. no. 5 tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat: Studi kasus penyedia jasa klinik Swab Area Gilimanuk. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.
Obata, K., Miyakawa, K., Takei, T., Wada, A., Hatayama, Y., Kato, H., Kimura, Y., Sekino, H., Katada, J., & Ryo, A. (2022). Prospective clinical evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a highly sensitive rapid antigen test using silver amplification technology for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Biomedicines, 10(11), 2801. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112801
Petruzzi, G., De Virgilio, A., Pichi, B., Mazzola, F., Zocchi, J., Mercante, G., Spriano, G., & Pellini, R. (2020). COVID‐19: nasal and oropharyngeal swab. Head & Neck, 42(6), 1303–1304. https://doi.org/10.1002/HED.26212
Sakif, S. (2022). Analysis Of Online Learning Methods On The Effectiveness Of Chemistry Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic On Muhammadiyah Senior High School 3 Batu Students. Transpublika International Research in Exact Sciences, 1(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.55047/tires.v1i1.114
Shi, X., Huang, C., He, N., Chen, B., & Zhang, S. (2023). Rapid antigen test with phlegm is more sensitive and detects SARS-CoV-2 earlier than with nasal swab. Authorea Preprints, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.167468576.69774839/v1
Sihombing, Y. R., Marbun, R. A. T., Rismayanti, L., Anggraeni, R., Nababan, O. A., & Zebua, K. C. (2024). Comparison Of Naso Faring And Oro Pharynx Swab Samples On Positivity Rate For Covid–19 With The Reverse Transcription Method Pcr (Rt–Pcr) In The Lab. Rsud Pcr. City Padang Sidempuan. JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM), 6(2), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.35451/jfm.v6i2.2021
Tallmadge, R. L., Laverack, M., Cronk, B., Venugopalan, R., Martins, M., Zhang, X., Elvinger, F., Plocharczyk, E., & Diel, D. G. (2022). Viral RNA load and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in paired respiratory and oral specimens from symptomatic, asymptomatic, or postsymptomatic individuals. Microbiology Spectrum, 10(3), e02264-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.02264-21
Wedri, N. M., Putra, I. P. W. N., Yasa, I. D. P. G. P., Rasdini, I. G. A. A., & Mertha, I. M. (2023). Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ), 3(2), 206–212. https://doi.org/10.53713/nhsj.v3i2.233
Wulandari, S., Hartono, & Wibawa, T. (2023). The role of HMGB1 in COVID‐19‐induced cytokine storm and its potential therapeutic targets: A review. Immunology, 169(2), 117–131.
Yezli, S., Yassin, Y., Mushi, A., Maashi, F., Abdelmalek, N. M., Awam, A. H., & Alotaibi, B. M. (2023). Undiagnosed and missed active pulmonary tuberculosis during mass gatherings: a prospective cross-sectional study from the Hajj pilgrimage. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 42(6), 727–740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-023-04596-8
Zheng, F., Liao, C., Fan, Q., Chen, H., Zhao, X., Xie, Z., Li, X., Chen, C., Lu, X., & Liu, Z. (2020). Clinical characteristics of children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Hubei, China. Current Medical Science, 40, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-020-2172-6.
