Understanding the Obligation to Register Former Customary Land Ownership Rights
Main
Ignatius Pradipa Probondaru*
Endang Pandamdari
Eriyantouw Wahid
Land registration is a mandate of Law Number 5 of 1960 on the Basic Agrarian Regulations (UUPA), which aims to guarantee legal certainty and legal protection for land rights in Indonesia. Nevertheless, many lands that were formerly under customary ownership rights have not yet been registered and are only supported by administrative evidence such as girik or customary land title, letter C, or other tax documents. Such a circumstance engenders juridical ambiguity and heightens the likelihood of agrarian conflicts. Consequently, a thorough comprehension of the obligation to register lands formerly held under customary tenure is essential to achieving an orderly land administration framework. Employing a normative juridical methodology, this study integrates both statutory and conceptual approaches. Secondary data comprising primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials were collected through library-based documentary research. The findings reveal that unregistered ex-customary lands lack robust evidentiary support for ownership, rendering their legal status susceptible to contestation. Within the national agrarian legal order, the conversion of customary rights into formal ownership rights necessitates land registration as a manifestation of state-conferred juridical recognition. Moreover, numerous impediments persist in the implementation of land registration, including low public legal consciousness, cumbersome procedural requirements, prohibitive costs, and restricted access to land administration services. Government Regulation No. 18 of 2021 mandates registration within a specified timeframe, signaling a policy-driven effort to expedite the juridification of land assets. This study affirms that accelerating registration not only fortifies legal certainty but also fosters socioeconomic stability and mitigates the emergence of land disputes.
Aiza, D. N., Nabila, S., Ananda, H. T., Abdullah, N., & Susmayanti, R. (2024). Fungsi Hukum dalam Penyelesaian Kasus Bidang Kenotariatan (Studi Kasus Kode Etik dan Jabatan Notaris). WARKAT, 4(1), 1–16. https://warkat.ub.ac.id/index.php/warkat/article/view/53
Apriani, D., & Bur, A. (2020). Kepastian Hukum dan Perlindungan Hukum dalam Sistem Publikasi Pendaftaran Tanah di Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum, 5(2), 220–239. https://doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v5i2.11
Basana, S., Yamin, M., Kalo, S., & Nasution, F. A. (2023). Analisis Yuridis atas Klaim Hak Milik atas Tanah oleh Instansi Pemerintah. Ilmu Hukum Prima (IHP), 6(1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.34012/jihp.v6i1.3554
Dimas, R. (2021). Publikasi Pendaftaran Tanah di Negara Indonesia Ditinjau dari Teori Kepastian Hukum. Prosiding Seri Seminar Nasional (SERINA), 1(1), 209–216. https://doi.org/10.24912/pserina.v1i1.16161
Evitasari, S., Syafira, A., & Saleh, R. D. D. (2024). Pendaftaran Tanah Masyarakat Adat Toraja. Widya Bhumi, 4(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.31292/wb.v4i1.54
Harsono, B. (1997). Hukum agraria Indonesia: sejarah pembentukan undang-undang pokok agraria, isi dan pelaksanaannya. In Djambatan, Jakarta.
Huanda, B. C. (2025). Tinjauan Yuridis Konversi Tanah Bekas Hak Milik Adat dalam Hukum Nasional: Kepastian Hukum serta Hambatannya. Jurnal Kepastian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 7(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.32502/khk.v7i1.9798
Jannah, S. M., Fanciska, W., & Mau, H. A. (2025). Kepastian Hukum Pelaksanaan Ganti Rugi Pengadaan Tanah Bagi Pembangunan Untuk Kepentingan Umum. CENDEKIA : Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmiah, 2(3), 485–496. https://doi.org/10.62335/cendekia.v2i3.1061
Lusiana, V. (2025). Hak Milik Atas Tanah. Anak Hebat Indonesia.
Muri, D. P. D., Wibawanti, E. S., & Safitri, M. I. (2025). Sertipikat Elektronik Sebagai Jaminan Perlindungan Hak Atas Tanah Dalam Pelaksanaan Pendaftaran Tanah. Jurnal USM Law Review, 8(2), 1126–1147. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v8i2.12136
Nathania, N. R., Ismail, Z. A. Z., & Ulum, M. R. (2024). Solusi Mengatasi Krisis Tanah dan Pentingnya Pendaftaran Tanah di Indonesia Dalam Mewujudkan Kepastian Hukum. Management, Economics, Trade, and Accounting Journal (META-JOURNAL), 2(2), 45–52. https://abadiinstitute.org/index.php/META/article/view/279
Putrisasmita, G. (2023). Kedudukan Program Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap dalam Kerangka Reforma Agraria untuk Mewujudkan Kepastian Hukum Pertanahan di Indonesia. LITRA: Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan, Tata Ruang, Dan Agraria, 3(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.23920/litra.v3i1.1466
Rahmatia, S., Fitriadi, M., & Tolo, S. B. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Tanah Hak Milik Perorangan yang Dipergunakan untuk Lembaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak di Kota Kendari. Arus Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 4(1), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v4i1.359
Sagala, F. H. N., Marpaung, K. N., & Syah, D. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Hak Masyarakat Adat dalam Perspektif Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia. Andrew Law Journal, 4(2), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.61876/alj.v4i2.75
Santoso, U. (2017). Hukum Agraria: Kajian Komprehenshif. Prenada Media.
Sihotang, A. H., Sihotang, S., Ma’arif, R. S., Yaris, R., & Cayla. (2025). Penyuluhan Hukum Tentang Urgensi Pendaftaran Tanah Bekas Tanah Adat Guna Memperoleh Sertifikat Tanah. Qardhul Hasan: Media Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 11(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.30997/qh.v11i1.15555
Simarmata, R. (2021). The States Position regarding Registration of Customary Land. The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies, 1(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.54828/ijsls.2021v1n1.3
Susanti, D. O. (2017). Urgensi Pendaftaran Tanah (Perspektif Utilities dan Kepastian Hukum). Jurnal Notariil, 1(2), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.22225/jn.2.1.152.33-45
Suyadi, Y. (2024). Menuntaskan Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL). Sinar Grafika.
Usman, A. H. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum Hak Milik atas Tanah Adat setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Jurnal Kepastian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 1(2), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.32502/khdk.v1i2.2593
Yulianto, M., & Pihawiani, E. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum Pemegang Tanah Bekas Milik Adat Perorangan. Mimbar Keadilan, 16(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.30996/mk.v16i1.7876
Zahra, M., & Priyono, E. A. (2025). Kepastian Hukum Atas Status Tanah Adat Setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria. Legal Standing: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 9(1), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.24269/ls.v9i1.10973
