Exploring the Capacity of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Link of Workplace Surroundings on Employee Effectiveness
Main Article Content
Hery Verianto The*
The effectiveness of organizations depends not only on employees’ skills but also on their individual capacities and behaviors. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) or voluntary actions beyond formal job duties plays a vital role in enhancing organizational success and creating supportive workplace surroundings. While a positive either physically or nonphysically workplace atmosphere can encourage OCB and boost employee effectiveness. The inconsistency findings of studies about how workplace surroundings relate to OCB to enhance employee effectiveness reveal the gaps on these interactions. Therefore, this research seeks to explore the capacity of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in link of the workplace surroundings on employee effectiveness. Adopting a quantitative methodology and a causal-descriptive design, the study employs validity and reliability assessments, classical assumption testing, regression, path analysis, and the Sobel test to verify the capacity of OCB effect. This study involved all 116 employees selected through a census sampling approach, and the data were processed using SPSS version 23. The analysis results demonstrate that the workplace surroundings have a positive and significant impact on OCB, which subsequently contributes to improved employee effectiveness. Furthermore, the workplace surroundings also exert a direct impact on performance outcomes. These findings indicate that OCB functions as a partial mediator between the workplace surroundings and employee effectiveness. Although the direct impact of the workplace surroundings is more substantial than the indirect effect through OCB, the mediating role of OCB remains essential, highlighting its importance in employee selection and development initiatives within organizations.
Adhari, I. Z. (2021). Optimalisasi Kinerja Karyawan Menggunakan Pendekatan Knowledge Management & Motivasi Kerja. In A. Lestari & T. Q. Media (Eds.), CV. Penerbit Qaira Media. CV Penerbit Qiara Media.
Anzika, L. F., & Marzuki, F. (2023). Pengaruh Beban Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja, Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Suku Dinas Tenaga Kerja, Transmigrasi, Dan Energi Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara). Jurnal Ilmiah Metansi (Manajemen Dan Akuntansi), 6(2), 253–265. https://doi.org/10.57093/metansi.v6i2.233
Armansyah. (2024). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT HPA Tanjungpinang. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 3(1), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.24034/jimbis.v3i1.6580
Atatsi, E. A., Stoffers, J., & Kil, A. (2021). Team learning, work behaviors, and performance: a qualitative case study of a technical university in Ghana. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(24), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413703
Bakhtiar, H., Setyorini, W., & Sulai. (2022). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Pada Karyawan Hotel Alibaba Pangkalan Bun. Magenta, 11(1), 1–10.
Bal, P. M., & Alhnaity, R. (2024). Organizational Citizenship Behavior. In Encyclopedia of Organizational Psychology. Edward Elgar.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10(2), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1002_3
Deressa, B., Adugna, K., Bezane, B., Jabessa, M., Wayessa, G., Kebede, A., Tefera, G., & Demissie, Y. (2022). The Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Organizational Justice Among Health Care Workers in Ethiopian Jimma Zone Public Health Facilities. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 14, 5–16. https://doi.org/10.2147/JHL.S345528
Difinubun, S. H., Nara, O. D., & Abdin, M. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Aspek Kinerja Pekerja Pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Laboratorium Terpadu Pendukung Blok Masela Universitas Pattimura. Journal Agregat, 2(1), 76–86. https://doi.org/10.31959/ja.v2i1.1252
Dyne, L. N. Van, & Parks, J. M. (1995). Extra-role behaviors: In pursuit of construct and definitional clarity (a bridge over muddied waters). Research in Organizational Behavior, 17(October), 215–285.
Fan, Q., Wider, W., & Chan, C. K. (2023). The brief introduction to organizational citizenship behaviors and counterproductive work behaviors: a literature review. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(September), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1181930
Fikri, M. N., Kevin, J., Mofu, C. J., Damayanti, T. A., & Muksin, A. (2025). Faktor Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Jurnal Manajemen, 12(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.37817/jurnalmanajemen.v12i3.4766
Firjatullah, J., & Wolor, C. W. (2023). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Budaya Kerja, dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Manuhara: Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 2(1), 01–10. https://doi.org/10.61132/manuhara.v1i3.426
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis multivariete dengan program IBM SPSS 23 (Edisi 8). Cetakan Ke VIII. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, 96.
Hendrayana, I., Wimba, I. G. A., & Sugianingrat, I. . P. W. (2021). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Yang Dimediasi Komitmen Organisasi. Jurnal Manajemen, Kewirausahaan Dan Pariwisata, 1(4), 1357–1368. https://doi.org/10.32795/vol4wamrtno1th24
Hermanto, Y. B., & Srimulyani, V. A. (2022). The Effects of Organizational Justice on Employee Performance Using Dimension of Organizational Citizenship Behavior as Mediation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(20), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013322
Hermawati, A., & Mas, N. (2017). Mediation Effect of Quality of Worklife, Job Involvement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Case Study in The Most Outstanding Coorperatives in East Java Province). International Journal of Law and Management, 59(6), 1143–1158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-08-2016-0070
Iskandar, M., Rahayu, S., & Wilchan, R. (2024). The Influence of Leadership, Work Environment, and Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable at PT Bank Sumut tebing Tinggi Branch. Proceeding of 2nd International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity, 2(1), 1691–1717. https://doi.org/10.35870/ijmsit.v5i1.3771
Kadarningsih, A., Oktavia, V., & Ali, A. (2020). The Role of OCB as a Mediator in Improving Employees Performance. Benefit: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 5(2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.23917/benefit.v5i2.11087
Katri, I. A., & Safrizal, H. B. A. (2023). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasi pada Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OBC) Sebagai Pemediasi di Kantor Kecamatan Bangkalan. AKUNTABILITAS: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Ekonomi, 15(1), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.35457/akuntabilitas.v15i1.2860
Khumaira, N., Fernando, L., Septianto, K. E., Ferdian, A., Saputro, E., & Sugiarti, E. (2024). Workshop Mentalitas Dasar, Etika dan Komunikasi Sumber Daya Manusia. RENATA: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Kita Semua, 2(3), 259–263. https://doi.org/10.61124/1.renata.77
Lukito, R. (2020). Pengaruh Organizational Citizenship Behavior Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Pada Produksi PVC di UD. Untung Jaya Sidoarjo. Agora, 8(2), 1–9.
Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P. (2011). Manajemen sumber daya manusia perusahaan. Bandung : Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mangkunegara, A. A. A. P., & Puspitasari, M. (2015). Kecerdasan emosi guru, stres kerja, dan kinerja guru SMA. Jurnal Kependidikan: Penelitian Inovasi Pembelajaran, 45(2).
Marwansyah. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Alfabeta.
Maulida, S. S., & Bagis, A. A. (2025). The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in Mediating the Relationship Between Work Environment and Employee Performance: A Case in PT Air Minum Giri Menang. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(8), 4091–4106. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v4i8.328
Muslih, & Hardani, R. T. S. (2022). Effect of Work Environment and Workload on Employee Performance. International Journal of Economics, Social Science, Entrepreneurship and Technology (IJESET), 1(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.55983/ijeset.v1i1.24
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lexington Books.
Parish, L., & Guilford, J. P. (2006). Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education. British Journal of Educational Studies, 5(2), 191. https://doi.org/10.2307/3118885
Pitaloka, E., & Sofia, I. P. (2014). The effect of work environment, job satisfaction, organization commitment on OCB. International Journal of Business, Economic and Law, 5(2), 10–18.
Piyandini, L., Nurweni, H., & Hartati, R. (2021). Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Motivasi terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Karyawan PT Sport Glove Indonesia Cabang Wonosari. Cakrawangsa Bisnis: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 1(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.35917/cb.v1i2.186
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors : A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Future Research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513–563. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600307
Pratama, I. P. A. E., Sarmawa, I. W. G., & Wahyuni, N. M. (2025). The Influence of Work Environment and Work Motivation on Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as a Mediating Variable. International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability and Social Science, 6(4), 759–774. https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v6i4.1473
Preacher, K. J., & Leonardelli, G. J. (2010). Calculation for the Sobel test: An interactive calculation tool for mediation tests [Software]. https://quantpsy.org/sobel/sobel.htm
Purwana, D., Ahmad, A., & Saptono, A. (2020). The Influence of Leadership and Work Environment toward Organziational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through Work Satisfaction. International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion, 3(2), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.33648/ijoaser.v3i2.64
Purwanto, A., Purba, J. T., Bernarto, I., & Sijabat, R. (2021). Peran Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Transformational and Digital Leadership Terhadap Kinerja Melalui Mediasi Komitmen Organisasi Pada Family Business. JENIUS (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia), 4(3), 256. https://doi.org/10.32493/jjsdm.v4i3.10454
Putri, R. R., Paleni, H., & Nurhayati, Y. (2024). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Sebagai Variabel Mediasi di Universitas Bina Insan. ESCAF 3rd 2024, 659–665.
Putri, S. A., Kurniawan, I. S., & Lysander, M. A. S. (2024). Pengaruh Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. JAMP: Jurnal Administrasi Dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 7(4), 548–558.
Raharjo, S. (2017). Cara Uji Analisis Jalur [Path Analysis] dengan SPSS Lengkap. In SPSS Indonesia.
Ramos, A., & Ellitan, L. (2023). Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Performance: A Literature Review. J-CEKI : Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 2(4), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.56799/jceki.v2i4.1709
Sabilalo, M. A., Kalsum, U., Nur, M., & Makkulau, A. R. (2020). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Kemampuan Kerja Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Dan Kinerja Pegawai Biro Organisasi Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Journal Of Management & Business, 3(2), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.37531/sejaman.v3i2.757
Safaria, S., & Saras Yunastiwi, A. (2013). Pengaruh keterlibatan kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada PT Seascape Surveys Indonesia. E-Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 1(1), 1–17.
Saputra, A., Kirana, K. C., & Septyarini, E. (2021). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Motivasi Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Inovator, 10(2), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.32832/inovator.v10i2.5954
Saputri, G., & Susanti, R. (2023). Pengaruh komitmen organisasi, budaya organisasi dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan motivasi kerja sebagai variabel moderating. Journal of Economics and Business UBS, 12(4), 1–23.
Sarip, S., & Mustangin. (2023). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai PT ABC Persada. Jurnal Manajemen Diversitas, 3(1), 94–111.
Sedarmayanti. (2018). Manajemen sumber daya manusia; reformasi birokrasi dan manajemen pegawai negeri sipil. Reflika Aditama.
Shammout, E. M. (2021). The Impact of Work Environment on Employees Performance. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 03(11), 78–101. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n8p85
Siagian, S. P. (2014). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Bumi Aksara.
Somech, A., & Ohayon, B. El. (2020). The trickle-down effect of OCB in schools: the link between leader OCB and team OCB. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(6), 629–643. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-03-2019-0056
Subastono, R., & Kurniawan, I. S. (2023). The Effect of Work Environment and Organizational Climate on Citizenship Organizational Behavior With Job Satisfaction As a Private Variable in the Yogyakarta Department of Transportation. Jurnal Terapan Manajeman Dan Bisnis, 9(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.26737/jtmb.v9i1.3257
Sujila, K., Prijati;, & Santoso, B. H. (2023). The Effect of Work Environment and Work Discipline on Employee Performance Through Emotional Intewlligence. JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies), 7(2), 511–517. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v7i2.8637
Suwarni, T., Supriadi, Y. N., & Jubaedah. (2025). Pengaruh Beban Kerja Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior ( Ocb ) Dengan Mediasi Workplace Spirituality. JURNAL LOCUS: Penelitian & Pengabdian, 4(5), 2186–2206. https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v4i5.4051
Tefera, C. A., & Hunsaker, W. D. (2020). Intangible assets and organizational citizenship behavior : A conceptual model. Heliyon, 6(7), e04497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04497
Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2006). Compulsory Citizenship Behavior: Theorizing Some Dark Sides of the Good Soldier Syndrome in Organizations. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 36(1), 77–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2006.00297.x
Virnanda, F. A., & Armanu, A. (2023). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Ocb). Jurnal Kewirausahaan Dan Inovasi, 2(1), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.21776/jki.2023.02.1.09
Viryananta, D. I. S., & Prawitowati, T. (2024). Pengaruh Person-Job Fit Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Mediasi Komitmen Organisasi Dan Perilaku Kewargaan Organisasi Pada Karyawangenerasi Z Perusahaan Di Jawa Timur. Distribusi - Journal of Management and Business, 12(1), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.29303/distribusi.v12i1.428
Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Ku, K. Y., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2022). Impact of Employees’ Workplace Environment on Employees’ Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 10(May), 890400. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400
