Integrating FMEA and BowTie Analysis for Environmental, Social, and Governance Risk Management in Jetty Construction
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Pramaditya Ardiyanto*
Haryo Dwito Armono
Marine construction projects expose ecosystems, workers, coastal communities, and project governance to risks that are strongly interdependent but often assessed in separate registers. This study develops an integrated approach using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), a probability-impact matrix, and BowTie analysis to identify, prioritize, and translate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks into barrier-based controls for the New Jetty I Project at Manggis Integrated Terminal, Bali. A single-case study combined document review, observation, interviews, a cross-functional expert questionnaire, and a focus group discussion. The panel validated 36 risks and assigned consensus severity, occurrence, and detection scores. Governance produced the highest average Risk Priority Number and the largest concentration of first-priority risks. The dominant concerns involved unresolved community grievances, marine collision, work forced under schedule and weather pressure, restricted marine operating windows, operator fatigue, and weaknesses in barrier governance. Six BowTie scenarios linked these priorities to preventive and mitigative barriers, responsible owners, performance indicators, and escalation thresholds. Residual ratings suggest most risks could be reduced to low or moderate levels, although schedule, weather conflict and limited operating time still required stronger treatment. The findings show that FMEA becomes more decision-relevant when combined with consequence-based matrix judgment and BowTie barrier verification. The integrated FMEA-BowTie model provides a traceable way to embed ESG risk into marine project decisions.
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