Bridging Law and Sustainability: Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Pollution in Indonesia
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Rafif Maulana Prasetyo*
Nynda Fatmawati Octarina
Industrial activities in Indonesia have increasingly contributed to environmental pollution, highlighting the urgent need for corporate accountability and sustainable business practices. This study comprehensively analyzes corporate responsibility for environmental pollution in Indonesia, focusing on the legal framework, its implementation, and its effectiveness in promoting sustainable business practices. The issue of environmental pollution caused by industrial activities is a serious challenge that requires firm corporate accountability. This study uses a normative-empirical method by reviewing various environmental laws and regulations, such as Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, and analyzing judicial cases and corporate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices. The results show that the legal framework in Indonesia regulates various types of corporate liability, ranging from civil liability (compensation), criminal (imprisonment and fines), to administrative (government coercion). However, implementation in the field still faces obstacles, particularly in terms of suboptimal law enforcement and a lack of effective oversight. Furthermore, this study identifies a paradigm shift from mere legal compliance to the adoption of voluntary sustainability initiatives, realized through CSR programs integrated with environmental principles. A synergy between strong regulations, consistent law enforcement, and internal corporate commitment is needed to ensure that the polluter pays principle is truly implemented, thereby minimizing the negative impact of industry on ecosystems. This study concludes that strengthening oversight and enforcement of sanctions oriented towards environmental restoration is key to achieving sustainable development goals.
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