Review of Multidisciplinary Education, Culture and Pedagogy requires research involving human participants, personal information, or other ethically sensitive subjects to be conducted in line with applicable ethical principles, institutional requirements, and relevant regulations.

Ethical Approval

Research involving human participants (or, in rare cases, animals) must obtain appropriate ethical approval from a recognized Institutional Review Board, Research Ethics Committee, or other authorized body, where such approval is required.

Authors must report the ethical approval information in the manuscript, including the name of the approving institution or ethics committee and the approval or clearance number (including the year of approval). Use the Ethical Approval section of the Manuscript Template for this purpose.

Low and Negligible Risk Research

Some studies, such as anonymous surveys, questionnaires, or interviews with adult professionals on non-sensitive topics, may be classified as low or negligible risk, and formal ethical clearance may not be required under institutional or regulatory provisions. In this case, authors may provide an ethical self-declaration explaining why formal approval was not required and describing the ethical safeguards applied.

For research conducted in a company, organization, school, or other institution, written permission from that institution may serve as site or institutional permission where formal ethical clearance is not required.

Such research must still protect participants, including voluntary participation, informed consent where applicable, privacy, and confidentiality.

Ethical Considerations in the Manuscript

Where applicable, ethical clearance or ethical self-declaration information should be reported in the Method section or in the Ethical Approval and Informed Consent sections of the Manuscript Template.

For low or negligible risk research, an appropriate statement may be:

The authors declare that this study was classified as low or negligible risk and did not require formal ethical clearance under the applicable institutional requirements. Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the relevant [institution/company/organization], and appropriate ethical safeguards, including voluntary participation, informed consent where applicable, and protection of participant confidentiality, were applied.

Authors must adapt the statement so that it accurately reflects their own research.

Consent, Privacy, and Identifiable Materials

Where applicable, authors must obtain informed consent, permission, or authorization and protect participant privacy, confidentiality, and other rights.

For photographs, videos, personal information, or other identifiable materials, obtain consent or permission where required. If identification is not necessary for the scholarly purpose, identifiable features should be anonymized or obscured, for example by blurring faces, masking names or identification numbers, or cropping images. Company or respondent names should also be anonymized where confidentiality was promised or where publication could cause harm.

Any change made to protect privacy must not alter or misrepresent information that matters for the scholarly interpretation of the material.

Author and Editorial Responsibility

Every manuscript must comply with the Ethical Approval, Informed Consent, and related declarations in the latest official Manuscript Template (see Author Guidelines).

Authors remain responsible for the accuracy and authenticity of all ethical declarations and approvals. The journal may request evidence of ethical clearance, institutional permission, informed consent, an ethical self-declaration, or other relevant documents when necessary.

Manuscripts with inadequate ethical information may be returned for clarification, suspended from editorial processing, or rejected. Ethical concerns identified after publication will be handled under the journal’s Publication Ethics and, where applicable, the Research Misconduct and Post-Publication Policy.